Nadiri, also called Rupi and Puusad-
Dinar. A silver coin of Persia, which takes
its name from the Shah Nadir, who introduced
it in 17-'58. Its value was computed
at tive hundi'i^d Dinars.
Napgen Heller, or Napfchen Heller. A
niclcname piven to counterfeit coins of very
inferior silver which appeared in Saxony
in the latter part of the seventeenth century.
The name was bestowed on account
of their concave or bowl-like form.
Nag-Tang. See Tan<;:-Ka.
Nami Sen, or Wave Sen. A certain
form (if the Japanese Kwanei Sen {q.v.)
with waves or curved lines on the back.
They are sometimes called Shi Mon Sen
or four Mon Sen, beinp: valued at four of
the regular pieces. Various other coins
with waves on them were called Nami Sen,
such as one of the coins of Akita Province.
Nan Ch'ien. The name given to the
Feng IIuo Ch'ien issued by the Chinese
Emperor Wu Ti (A.D. 502-548) of tjie
Liang dynasty and to the Pu Ch'uan of
Wang IMang, because if worn by a woman
she would give birth to a son.
Napoleon. TJie |)opular name for the
t Weill \' Franc gold coin, struck bv Napoh'on
J. from 1805 to 1815.
(\iiif. also Masson, Nnpolcon et les
Fi iiiiiK's, 1894 (p. l():i), where the piece
of forty Francs issued by the same emperor
is called a double Napoleon.
Nasch. A money of account used in
Arabia of tlic value of twenty Dirhenis.
Nasfi. A copper coin of DeJdi, iuti'o-
(lucrd liy Muhammad ill ibn Tughbiq,
aliout A.H. 730. Tlie corresponding half
was known as Hashtkani, and the (puirtei'
as Dokaiii. »SVp Thomas, Chi'oniclcs fNos.
'_'(ll L'OC). The word means a half.
Naulum. Tiic name given l)y the Greeks
to money put in the mouths of deceased
persons to insure their passage over the
river Styx.
r
!•
Nashe, in Saffron Waldeii, 1596, says:
"I hearing the fellow so forlorne . . .
gaue him his Charons Naulum or ferry
tliree half pence." See Juvenal (viii. 97),
and Aristophanes, Frof/s (270).
Navicella, or Navesella. The common
name for the Papal Ducato, struck in
Rome, Ancona, etc., during the sixteenth
century-, whicli bore on the reverse the
figure of St. Peter in a boat.
Navis. The popular name among the
Romans for the reverse of a coin. The origin
for this term is naturally to be sought
among the Republican issues where the
common reverse type to be found on the
bronze coins was the representation of a
ship's |)row. Hence the expression caput
aid navis would corres])ond to our "Heads
111' tails."
Neat Gild. Src Black Mail.
Necessity Money. iSVc Obsidional Coins.
Negenmenneke. A silver coin of Brabant
issueil ill 1480-1481, and originally of
the value of nine Myteii. By the Ordonnantie
of February 4, 1520, its value was
reduced to six Myten and it was consequently
called Seskin or Sesken. It was
extensively copied in the Low Countries.
Mertens and Torfs, Geschirdmis van
Antwerpoi. 1847 (iii. ;125) state that this
coin was cni]iloyed extensively as alms for
mendicants.
Negotiepenning. A name given to the
gold ten Floi-iu iiiece of William III, King
of tlie Netherlands (1849-1890). The
(weiily and the five Floi'in coins of the
saiiii' ruler are corres|)(in(liiigly entitled
Diihliclc and Halve Negotiepenning.
Nen. .\ silver ingul of a iiarallelopiprd
fonii slightly ciirNi'd with an averncre
length of 11.') mill.; a breadth of 28 mill.,
and a thickness of 17 mill., and which
sliould weigh about three hundred and
seveiity-eiglit graiinues. These were used
in Indo-( 'liina and ( 'niiilHidia.
Nen Bac Nisfiah
Nen Bac. 'I'lic name priveii to the Annaiiicsf
rcclan^Milar silver bars iiitroducod
under tlie Kiiiperor Nj^aieii-tselninjr (l.S()2-
IS'iO). Tlie\- are siijiposed to e(|iial in
weifilit the native oiinee, called Lu'ong, and
are eonsecnieiitlv frequently referred to as
liu'oMK Bae. See Ponrobert (2()<)7, 2105).
There is a half of similar sliajie.
Neptune's Car Penny. The popidar
name for a copper Penny of Kariia<loes,
issued in 17!I'J, which bears <i tij;uie of
Neptune's car on the reverse. Tiiere is a
eorrespoiidin<r lialf Penny, /b'ec Atkins (j).
;n4).
Nesiaca Drachma, oi- SpotyiJ.T] vrjatwTtyo,
mentioned i>y .Mcxaiidrian writers, was a
silver coin struck by the "Island Li^airue'"
(X.01V0V Twv vrjatwTuv), principally in Tenos
but also with other types, in the Islands
of Andros, Melos, Faros, Na.xos, and other.
s. See Babelon, Traitc (vol. i. 501).
Nesle. See Gros de Nesle.
NessBjeh. See Nisfiah.
Neugroschen. See Silberfrroschen.
New Beaver Skins. Sec Ihnlson's Pay
Tokens.
Newby Coppers. See St. Patrick's
Money.
New England Shilling. This, with the
Si.\])ence and Threepence, were the eai'liest
coins issued by the Colony of Massachusetts.
They are plain i)lancliets of silver,
without tlate, Icfieud, or inscription, and
bear on one side the fifrures of value and
on the other the letters N.E.
The shilling' was made cui'i'ent, accoi'din^'
to the act estaliiishiufr a mint, at two
Pence less than the corres])ondinj,' En<;lish
coin.
For detailed ilesci-ipl ions roiif. Crosby.
New Jersey Cents. A State issue in cop
|)er from 17s(i to 1788, inclusive, and all
lieariiifj: Hie iiiscriiition nova f'AESAKKA.
For details and varieties see Crosb\-,
Ngun Tawk. A name j^iven to certain
routi'li silvei' i)ieces of the Lao States. See
As'ek.
Niang. The (jld name i'oi- the Korean
Yan<r. It was the tenth of the Warn ((/.c).
There are pattern pieces havinf,' this spelling.
Ni Bu. A .lapanese term meaninj;' two
Bu iq.v.).
Nichelino. Tlie popular name in Italy
for the nickel coin of twenty Centesimi introduced
in 1S!14.
Nickel, when employed for eoinafie, is
»enerally mi.xed with cojjper. This alloy
was used by .some of the Kin<is of I'.actria
in the second century B.C.
The first national iss\ie of a modern
nickel alloy coinafi'c was nu\(h' by Switzerland
in 1(S5(), the jiieces beiiifi- struck at
Strasburji'. The United States introduced
a nickel Cent in 1856 ; -Tamaiea a nickel
I'enny in 1870; and the German Empire
adopted a subsidiary nickel coinage in
187:3.
The word is now collo(|uialI.\' used to
desitrnate the five Cent |)iece of the Uniteil
States.
Nim-Bisti. See Bisti.
Ninepence. This (U'uomination in British
c(iina!.;'e occurs only as a jiart of the
lozenf>:e shajied necessity money of Newark,
and also in the series of Inchquin money
issued in 1642.
The Newark coin is tlated 1646 aiul
bears a crown with the letlci-s C K at tlu;
sides, and the value IX b(>low.
The Ninei)ence in the Inchipiin set'ies
has nine annulets indicative of its value.
Nippence. An En<rlish dialect term for
Ninepence. Sarah Ilewett, in The I'eiisdiit
SjKeeh uf Devon, 18!)2, has, " Ey-j^'s be
awnly nippence a dizen tu-day in Iha mai'-
ket."
Niquet. A variety of the double Toui'-
nois issued by Charles VI of France (K{8()-
1422). The obverse exhibited three Hc'ir.;
de lis crowned, and the type was copied
with slifi'ht modifications in the Anp;lo-
Gallic series and in Buri^'und.y as late as
the sixteenth centni'X'. See IldlTiiiann (:!4).
Nisar. A ji'old coin of Hindustan, made
foi' the pui'jiose of distlMbution "on the
occasion of <i'reat festivals, such as State
processions or at mari'iajjes, when thev
were scattered amoufist the crowd." They
aT"e usually somewhat thinnei' than the current
coins. Si'i ( '(idi'inu'ton (p. 12()K
Nisfiah, or Nisfiyeh. .\ <;-old coin of the
Ottoman l]iupire, of the weif^ht of about
twenty <^rains ami the half of the Zernuihbub.
The name is derived from nisf,
the half.
In tlip Algiers cnrrenp.y it is the half of
the Sultany or Solthani.
Nishka. A gold coin of ancient India,
the (luadruple Rnvarna. Cunningham (p.
48) thinks that it may have been only an
ingot of gold of a fixed weight. No specimens
have thus far been found. See Pana.
Ni Shu. See Shu.
Nizim. See Sizinia.
Noailles. A variety of the Louis d'Or,
struck by Louis XV, which bears on the
reverse two shields of France and two of
Navarre, arranged in tlie form of a cross.
Nobilis Rosatus. See Noble.
Noble. A gold coin of England first
issued in 1:J44 in the reign of Edward III,
being a successor to the Florin. Its original
value by proclamation was six Shillings
and eight Pence, and no one could
refuse to take them in sums of twenty
Shillings and ujiwards. At the same time
were issued half Nobles called Maille Nobles
and quarter Nobles called Ferling
Nobles, their value being in proportion.
The name of the coin is supposed to be
derived from the noble nature of the metal
of which it was composed, it having only
one half of a grain of alloy.
The prominent feature of the coin is the
great ship in which stands the King holding
a sword and shield, from which circumstance
the coins are sometimes referred
to as Ship Nobles. The ship may commemorate
the naval victory which the English
fleet, commanded by the King in person,
obtained over the French fleet at
Sluys, on Midsummer Day, 1340, and as
an old rhyme states:
"Kourc things our noble sht'weth unto uio,
Kinp. ship, and sword, and power of the sea."
The legend on the Noble was ihc avtem
TBANSIENS PER MEDIVM ILLORVM IBAT, taken
from the Gospel of St. Luke (iv. 30), and
it was explained to mean that "as Jesus
passed invisible and in most secret manner
by the middest of the Pharisees, so gold
was made by invisible and seci'et art
amidst the ignorant." A legend also states
that it was put upon the coins "liecausc
Ripley, the Alchymist, when lu; made gol^d
in the Tower, the first time he found it,
spoke these words, 'per medium eorum,'
i.e., per medium ignis et sulphuris."
[
The large cross on the reverse has various
letters in the centre: E for Edward,
L for the London Mint, and one struck at
Calais has a C. Those of the succeeding
monarchs have R for Richard II, and H
for file Henries.
The original weight of the Noble was
one hundred and thirty-eight and six
thirteenths grains; in 1346 it was reduced
to one hundred and twenty-eight and
four sevenths grains, and in 1351 it was
further reduced to one hundred and
twenty grains, although retaining the same
nominal value of six Shillings and eight
Pence. Henry IV, in 1412, reduced the
weight to one hundred and eight grains,
aiul Edward IV in 1465 restored it to its
former weight of one hundred and twenty
grains. lie raised its value to fen Shillings,
and to distinguish tlie new Nobles
from the old ones he stamped a rose on
each side of them, from which they received
the name of Rose Nobles, corrupted
into Royals or Ryals, a name borrowed
from the French. The white rose was the
badge of the King's family. Sec Ryal.
In the time of Henry VII a double Ryal
was struck, called a Sovereign (q.v.).
The Noble was copied in Burgundy and
by the Archdukes of Austria. It was also
closely imitated in the Low Countries under
the names of Gouden Nobel and Rosenobel
(q.r.). In a proclamation by Robert
Dudley, Earl of Leicester, as Governor in
the Low Countries, mention is made of tlie
various tudawful coins then current, and
among them is NohiUs Rosatus, struck in
Gorcum by the authority of Don Antonio,
of which one side is said to agree with the
English Noble.
Noble. A gold coin of Scotland, first
issued in the reign of David II (1329-
1371), and almost identical in type with
the contemporary English coin of the same
name. There appear to be no further issues
of Nobles until the second coinage of
•liimes VI, when one was struck with tlie
date 1580, sometimes called the Barelieaded
Noble. In the fourth coinage of this nionarcii
occurs the Thistle Noble (q.v.).
The silvci' Noble of Scotland is more geiirraily
known as the Half Mcrk. It originally
weighed one hundred and five grains
and first appeared in the second coinage
of James VI, with dates from 1572 to 1580,
KiO ]
Noble Angels Novgorodka
and a half Nf)l)le or (|uartor Merk was issued
at tlie saino time. Tlit' last apjiearaiiPP
of the No])le in Scottisii eoiiia^o is
in tlie rei^ii of Charles II, from lfiC4 to
K)?."), inclusive.
Noble Angels. A name jriven to the
Angels in the time of Edward IV, because
theii- value, six Shillings and eight Pence,
cori-es|)onded with the previous value of
the Xohle.
Noctua. The name fiiven to the coins of
Greece, on wliich there is the figure of an
owl, the emblem of Minerva or Pallas
Atiiene.
Noirs. A name given to the billon
Mar((ues in the French Antilles and at
("ayeiuie, on account of their black color.
Nomisma, derived from v6|j.oi;, law, custom,
became among the Greeks tiie generic
term for money. In late Roman and Byzantine
times it designated a gold coin.
Nomisma. The Greek name for the
Solidus.
Nomos (vojAOi;) law, custom, came to be
emplo.ved in the .sen.se of a piece of money,
legal money, the synonym for v6ij.iaij.a. See
also Noununos.
Non Sunt. A name given to a Scotch
billon coin which was issued in 1558 and
1559. It is also known as a Twelvepennv
Plack.
The name is derived from the revei-si'
inscriiition, i.\M NON svnt dvo sed vna
I'AKO. i.e.. "They are no more twain but
one flesh,"" taken from St. Matthew (xix.
6), and which refers to the marriage of
Mary Stuart and Francis of France.
Norkyn. See Halard.
Norman Penny. The name given to a
Deniei' of Kichard I, and one of his Anglo-
Gallic coins. It bears on the reverse the
inscription iioDVMnvro for rodomaco, and
resembles the coin.s of Aleonor, queen of
Ijo\iis, King of Fi'ance.
Northumberland Shilling. A name given
to a Shilling struck in 1763 for distribution
among the people, on the Earl of Northumberland
"s public entry into Dublin as Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland. Only two thousand
were struck and the coin is conseciuently
rare. Tlie designei- is Richard Yeo.
Nosf-Wokye. See Kesme.
Notdaler. Sec De Gortz Daler.
[
Notmiinzen. An expression used by
(ieruian numismatists to indicate obsidional
coins.
Noumia, oi- Noummia ( vo'j[jiijl!Ov ) . A
small Roman copper coin which appeared
about the reign of .lulianus II (360-363)
and continued to the end of the Western
Enipii'e. Its weight was ten grains.
Noummos, the Doi'ian foi'iu of v6|xoi;,
used ill South Italy to designate the princii)
al silver coin issued in the many cities
of this district. The Noummos here corresponded
in weight to the ('orinthian
Stater or Attic Didrachm. The term Noummos
was also used to designate the silver
Litra {q.r.), struck in the same locality.
Srr Kalielon, Tniitt' (i. 450-453).
Nova Constellatio. The conunon name
for a series of copper coins engraved by
Wyon, and made in Birmingham, England,
in 1783 and 1785, for use in America.
See Crosby.
Another series, of the same name, consists
of thi'ce silver coins, of the denomination
of ]\Iark, yuint, ami Cent, which represent
a plan of coinage, advocated .lanuary
15, 1782, by Robert Morris. These coins
are pattern or experimental pieces, and
were never adopted.
Novcic (])lural Novcica). A copper den(
unination formerly current in Bosnia and
iMontenegro and equal to the one hundredth
part of the Gulden or Florin.
When the Krone system was introduced
into Austria in 18f)2, this coin was superseded
by the Heller.
Noveno, or Novene. The name given to
a billon coin issued by Alfonso X of Castile
(1252-1284), and his successoi"s, and
struck at Burgos, Leon, Seville, etc. The
general t.ype presents a lion rampant on
the obverse, and a fortress of three towers
on the reverse. It was discontimied in
the sixteenth century.
Novgorodka. The name given to the
Denga struck in Novgorod in the fourteenth
century, and valued at two Dengui
at Moskow. See Chaudoir (p. 116).
This is the money referred to by John
Ilasse, in The Cnines Weit/hta niirl Measures.
Kxed in Russia, 1554, Ilakluyt, I'riiieipal
N(ivi(jatio»s, London, 1589 (p. 293),
as follows: "Of silver coines there be
these sortes of pieces. The least is a Poldeiiga, the second a Denga, the third a
Niiwgrote, which is as much to say in English,
a half penie, a penie, and two pence."
Novini. The name given to silver coins
of Savoy and Genoa of the value of nine
Danari, issued in the latter half of the
fifteenth century. See Rivista Italiana di
NumisDiatica (vi. 368).
Nowgrote. See Novgorodka.
Nowt Geld. In Ine's Laws, circa 693,
a regulated sequence of fines is given, estimated
in the payment of cattle, and called
nowt-geld. But as the valuations here recorded
were not subjected to subsequent
alteration, it is probable that the nowtgeld
was disused by the Anglo-Saxons soon
after Ine's time. In Scotland, however,
cattle payments continued to the reign of
David I "(1124-1153).
Numisma, the Latin form of the Greek
Nomisma (q.v.).
Numismata. A generic term for money.
Nummi Caduceati. The name given to
such varieties of the Roman Denarii as
bear a representation of the caduceus or
staff of Mercury.
Nummi Castrenses. The name given to
such coins as were issued l)y military commanders
to pay their armies. Well known
examples are the gold coins of Rome, struck
by order of Sulla, Pompey, and Julius
Caesar, and a rare piece i.ssued by Flaminius
in Greece, about the period of the
Second Macedonian War, which bears his
name and portrait.
All of the military coiiuige was struck
outside of Rome.
Nummi Cavi. A name used by some
luanismatic writers to designate the Bracteates
(q.v.).
Nummi Grossi. See Dick Thaler.
Nummi Mixti. Sec Plated Coins.
Nummi Plumbei. The general term for
leaden coins or tokens, but specially used
for those struck by the ancients.
Plautus, in his Triiiunniio. sa.ys: "Cni
si capitis sit numinuin crcdam plumbeum."
Some writei's apjily the name to imitations
of the Denarii of the Consular and Imperial
series.
Nummi Scyphati. See Concave Coins.
Nummi Vitrei. See Glass Coins.
Nummularius. A Roman money changer.
The "term is foimd in English literature
in the Mirour of Saluacioun (58), written
circa 1450, to wit: "He ouerthrewe the
hordes & shedde the monee of the NumelaricHs."'
Nummus, also written Numus. In Latin
a generic term for money, and the name
applied to the chief current coin in any
system. See Sestertius and Follis. Multiples,
e.g., Pentanummion, Decanummion,
etc., are fre(iuently used in describing the
Byzantine coins.
The Nimimi of Alba and Signia in Central
Italy, issued B.C. 303-268, correspond
to the As of aboiit ten Roman ounces.
Nummus Aereus. A small copper coin
of late Roman times {see Noumia) ; principally
used as a generic term for a bronze
coin.
Nummus Argenteus. See Denarius.
Nummus Aureus. See Aureus.
Nummus Bracteatus. See Bracteates.
Nummus Centenionalis. See Follis and
Centenionalis.
Nummus Dentatus. Sec Serrated Coins.
Nummus Epularis. See Labay.
Nummus Incusus. See Bracteates.
Nummus Ratitus. A general name for
Roman cuius wjiirh bear the figure of a
galley or the jirow of a galley.
Nummus Realis. See Real.
Nummus Serratus. See Serrated Coins.
Nunciata. A corrui)tion of Annunciata
iq.v.).
Nurling, oi' Knurling. Another name for
the reeding on the edge of a coin.
Nusflik. A gold coin of the modern
Eg\ptian series of the value of fifty Piastres.
It was introduced A. II. 1255 or A.D.
1839.
The coi-respoiuling silver coin of the
value of ten Piastres is called Nusf. Noback
(p. 243) cites the Nusf as a gold
coin of Morocco of the value of half a Rial,
or six and three quarter IJkkias.
Nyueki Jimpo. Si r Jiu Ni Zene.
Dinar. A silver coin of Persia, which takes
its name from the Shah Nadir, who introduced
it in 17-'58. Its value was computed
at tive hundi'i^d Dinars.
Napgen Heller, or Napfchen Heller. A
niclcname piven to counterfeit coins of very
inferior silver which appeared in Saxony
in the latter part of the seventeenth century.
The name was bestowed on account
of their concave or bowl-like form.
Nag-Tang. See Tan<;:-Ka.
Nami Sen, or Wave Sen. A certain
form (if the Japanese Kwanei Sen {q.v.)
with waves or curved lines on the back.
They are sometimes called Shi Mon Sen
or four Mon Sen, beinp: valued at four of
the regular pieces. Various other coins
with waves on them were called Nami Sen,
such as one of the coins of Akita Province.
Nan Ch'ien. The name given to the
Feng IIuo Ch'ien issued by the Chinese
Emperor Wu Ti (A.D. 502-548) of tjie
Liang dynasty and to the Pu Ch'uan of
Wang IMang, because if worn by a woman
she would give birth to a son.
Napoleon. TJie |)opular name for the
t Weill \' Franc gold coin, struck bv Napoh'on
J. from 1805 to 1815.
(\iiif. also Masson, Nnpolcon et les
Fi iiiiiK's, 1894 (p. l():i), where the piece
of forty Francs issued by the same emperor
is called a double Napoleon.
Nasch. A money of account used in
Arabia of tlic value of twenty Dirhenis.
Nasfi. A copper coin of DeJdi, iuti'o-
(lucrd liy Muhammad ill ibn Tughbiq,
aliout A.H. 730. Tlie corresponding half
was known as Hashtkani, and the (puirtei'
as Dokaiii. »SVp Thomas, Chi'oniclcs fNos.
'_'(ll L'OC). The word means a half.
Naulum. Tiic name given l)y the Greeks
to money put in the mouths of deceased
persons to insure their passage over the
river Styx.
r
!•
Nashe, in Saffron Waldeii, 1596, says:
"I hearing the fellow so forlorne . . .
gaue him his Charons Naulum or ferry
tliree half pence." See Juvenal (viii. 97),
and Aristophanes, Frof/s (270).
Navicella, or Navesella. The common
name for the Papal Ducato, struck in
Rome, Ancona, etc., during the sixteenth
century-, whicli bore on the reverse the
figure of St. Peter in a boat.
Navis. The popular name among the
Romans for the reverse of a coin. The origin
for this term is naturally to be sought
among the Republican issues where the
common reverse type to be found on the
bronze coins was the representation of a
ship's |)row. Hence the expression caput
aid navis would corres])ond to our "Heads
111' tails."
Neat Gild. Src Black Mail.
Necessity Money. iSVc Obsidional Coins.
Negenmenneke. A silver coin of Brabant
issueil ill 1480-1481, and originally of
the value of nine Myteii. By the Ordonnantie
of February 4, 1520, its value was
reduced to six Myten and it was consequently
called Seskin or Sesken. It was
extensively copied in the Low Countries.
Mertens and Torfs, Geschirdmis van
Antwerpoi. 1847 (iii. ;125) state that this
coin was cni]iloyed extensively as alms for
mendicants.
Negotiepenning. A name given to the
gold ten Floi-iu iiiece of William III, King
of tlie Netherlands (1849-1890). The
(weiily and the five Floi'in coins of the
saiiii' ruler are corres|)(in(liiigly entitled
Diihliclc and Halve Negotiepenning.
Nen. .\ silver ingul of a iiarallelopiprd
fonii slightly ciirNi'd with an averncre
length of 11.') mill.; a breadth of 28 mill.,
and a thickness of 17 mill., and which
sliould weigh about three hundred and
seveiity-eiglit graiinues. These were used
in Indo-( 'liina and ( 'niiilHidia.
Nen Bac Nisfiah
Nen Bac. 'I'lic name priveii to the Annaiiicsf
rcclan^Milar silver bars iiitroducod
under tlie Kiiiperor Nj^aieii-tselninjr (l.S()2-
IS'iO). Tlie\- are siijiposed to e(|iial in
weifilit the native oiinee, called Lu'ong, and
are eonsecnieiitlv frequently referred to as
liu'oMK Bae. See Ponrobert (2()<)7, 2105).
There is a half of similar sliajie.
Neptune's Car Penny. The popidar
name for a copper Penny of Kariia<loes,
issued in 17!I'J, which bears <i tij;uie of
Neptune's car on the reverse. Tiiere is a
eorrespoiidin<r lialf Penny, /b'ec Atkins (j).
;n4).
Nesiaca Drachma, oi- SpotyiJ.T] vrjatwTtyo,
mentioned i>y .Mcxaiidrian writers, was a
silver coin struck by the "Island Li^airue'"
(X.01V0V Twv vrjatwTuv), principally in Tenos
but also with other types, in the Islands
of Andros, Melos, Faros, Na.xos, and other.
s. See Babelon, Traitc (vol. i. 501).
Nesle. See Gros de Nesle.
NessBjeh. See Nisfiah.
Neugroschen. See Silberfrroschen.
New Beaver Skins. Sec Ihnlson's Pay
Tokens.
Newby Coppers. See St. Patrick's
Money.
New England Shilling. This, with the
Si.\])ence and Threepence, were the eai'liest
coins issued by the Colony of Massachusetts.
They are plain i)lancliets of silver,
without tlate, Icfieud, or inscription, and
bear on one side the fifrures of value and
on the other the letters N.E.
The shilling' was made cui'i'ent, accoi'din^'
to the act estaliiishiufr a mint, at two
Pence less than the corres])ondinj,' En<;lish
coin.
For detailed ilesci-ipl ions roiif. Crosby.
New Jersey Cents. A State issue in cop
|)er from 17s(i to 1788, inclusive, and all
lieariiifj: Hie iiiscriiition nova f'AESAKKA.
For details and varieties see Crosb\-,
Ngun Tawk. A name j^iven to certain
routi'li silvei' i)ieces of the Lao States. See
As'ek.
Niang. The (jld name i'oi- the Korean
Yan<r. It was the tenth of the Warn ((/.c).
There are pattern pieces havinf,' this spelling.
Ni Bu. A .lapanese term meaninj;' two
Bu iq.v.).
Nichelino. Tlie popular name in Italy
for the nickel coin of twenty Centesimi introduced
in 1S!14.
Nickel, when employed for eoinafie, is
»enerally mi.xed with cojjper. This alloy
was used by .some of the Kin<is of I'.actria
in the second century B.C.
The first national iss\ie of a modern
nickel alloy coinafi'c was nu\(h' by Switzerland
in 1(S5(), the jiieces beiiifi- struck at
Strasburji'. The United States introduced
a nickel Cent in 1856 ; -Tamaiea a nickel
I'enny in 1870; and the German Empire
adopted a subsidiary nickel coinage in
187:3.
The word is now collo(|uialI.\' used to
desitrnate the five Cent |)iece of the Uniteil
States.
Nim-Bisti. See Bisti.
Ninepence. This (U'uomination in British
c(iina!.;'e occurs only as a jiart of the
lozenf>:e shajied necessity money of Newark,
and also in the series of Inchquin money
issued in 1642.
The Newark coin is tlated 1646 aiul
bears a crown with the letlci-s C K at tlu;
sides, and the value IX b(>low.
The Ninei)ence in the Inchipiin set'ies
has nine annulets indicative of its value.
Nippence. An En<rlish dialect term for
Ninepence. Sarah Ilewett, in The I'eiisdiit
SjKeeh uf Devon, 18!)2, has, " Ey-j^'s be
awnly nippence a dizen tu-day in Iha mai'-
ket."
Niquet. A variety of the double Toui'-
nois issued by Charles VI of France (K{8()-
1422). The obverse exhibited three Hc'ir.;
de lis crowned, and the type was copied
with slifi'ht modifications in the Anp;lo-
Gallic series and in Buri^'und.y as late as
the sixteenth centni'X'. See IldlTiiiann (:!4).
Nisar. A ji'old coin of Hindustan, made
foi' the pui'jiose of distlMbution "on the
occasion of <i'reat festivals, such as State
processions or at mari'iajjes, when thev
were scattered amoufist the crowd." They
aT"e usually somewhat thinnei' than the current
coins. Si'i ( '(idi'inu'ton (p. 12()K
Nisfiah, or Nisfiyeh. .\ <;-old coin of the
Ottoman l]iupire, of the weif^ht of about
twenty <^rains ami the half of the Zernuihbub.
The name is derived from nisf,
the half.
In tlip Algiers cnrrenp.y it is the half of
the Sultany or Solthani.
Nishka. A gold coin of ancient India,
the (luadruple Rnvarna. Cunningham (p.
48) thinks that it may have been only an
ingot of gold of a fixed weight. No specimens
have thus far been found. See Pana.
Ni Shu. See Shu.
Nizim. See Sizinia.
Noailles. A variety of the Louis d'Or,
struck by Louis XV, which bears on the
reverse two shields of France and two of
Navarre, arranged in tlie form of a cross.
Nobilis Rosatus. See Noble.
Noble. A gold coin of England first
issued in 1:J44 in the reign of Edward III,
being a successor to the Florin. Its original
value by proclamation was six Shillings
and eight Pence, and no one could
refuse to take them in sums of twenty
Shillings and ujiwards. At the same time
were issued half Nobles called Maille Nobles
and quarter Nobles called Ferling
Nobles, their value being in proportion.
The name of the coin is supposed to be
derived from the noble nature of the metal
of which it was composed, it having only
one half of a grain of alloy.
The prominent feature of the coin is the
great ship in which stands the King holding
a sword and shield, from which circumstance
the coins are sometimes referred
to as Ship Nobles. The ship may commemorate
the naval victory which the English
fleet, commanded by the King in person,
obtained over the French fleet at
Sluys, on Midsummer Day, 1340, and as
an old rhyme states:
"Kourc things our noble sht'weth unto uio,
Kinp. ship, and sword, and power of the sea."
The legend on the Noble was ihc avtem
TBANSIENS PER MEDIVM ILLORVM IBAT, taken
from the Gospel of St. Luke (iv. 30), and
it was explained to mean that "as Jesus
passed invisible and in most secret manner
by the middest of the Pharisees, so gold
was made by invisible and seci'et art
amidst the ignorant." A legend also states
that it was put upon the coins "liecausc
Ripley, the Alchymist, when lu; made gol^d
in the Tower, the first time he found it,
spoke these words, 'per medium eorum,'
i.e., per medium ignis et sulphuris."
[
The large cross on the reverse has various
letters in the centre: E for Edward,
L for the London Mint, and one struck at
Calais has a C. Those of the succeeding
monarchs have R for Richard II, and H
for file Henries.
The original weight of the Noble was
one hundred and thirty-eight and six
thirteenths grains; in 1346 it was reduced
to one hundred and twenty-eight and
four sevenths grains, and in 1351 it was
further reduced to one hundred and
twenty grains, although retaining the same
nominal value of six Shillings and eight
Pence. Henry IV, in 1412, reduced the
weight to one hundred and eight grains,
aiul Edward IV in 1465 restored it to its
former weight of one hundred and twenty
grains. lie raised its value to fen Shillings,
and to distinguish tlie new Nobles
from the old ones he stamped a rose on
each side of them, from which they received
the name of Rose Nobles, corrupted
into Royals or Ryals, a name borrowed
from the French. The white rose was the
badge of the King's family. Sec Ryal.
In the time of Henry VII a double Ryal
was struck, called a Sovereign (q.v.).
The Noble was copied in Burgundy and
by the Archdukes of Austria. It was also
closely imitated in the Low Countries under
the names of Gouden Nobel and Rosenobel
(q.r.). In a proclamation by Robert
Dudley, Earl of Leicester, as Governor in
the Low Countries, mention is made of tlie
various tudawful coins then current, and
among them is NohiUs Rosatus, struck in
Gorcum by the authority of Don Antonio,
of which one side is said to agree with the
English Noble.
Noble. A gold coin of Scotland, first
issued in the reign of David II (1329-
1371), and almost identical in type with
the contemporary English coin of the same
name. There appear to be no further issues
of Nobles until the second coinage of
•liimes VI, when one was struck with tlie
date 1580, sometimes called the Barelieaded
Noble. In the fourth coinage of this nionarcii
occurs the Thistle Noble (q.v.).
The silvci' Noble of Scotland is more geiirraily
known as the Half Mcrk. It originally
weighed one hundred and five grains
and first appeared in the second coinage
of James VI, with dates from 1572 to 1580,
KiO ]
Noble Angels Novgorodka
and a half Nf)l)le or (|uartor Merk was issued
at tlie saino time. Tlit' last apjiearaiiPP
of the No])le in Scottisii eoiiia^o is
in tlie rei^ii of Charles II, from lfiC4 to
K)?."), inclusive.
Noble Angels. A name jriven to the
Angels in the time of Edward IV, because
theii- value, six Shillings and eight Pence,
cori-es|)onded with the previous value of
the Xohle.
Noctua. The name fiiven to the coins of
Greece, on wliich there is the figure of an
owl, the emblem of Minerva or Pallas
Atiiene.
Noirs. A name given to the billon
Mar((ues in the French Antilles and at
("ayeiuie, on account of their black color.
Nomisma, derived from v6|j.oi;, law, custom,
became among the Greeks tiie generic
term for money. In late Roman and Byzantine
times it designated a gold coin.
Nomisma. The Greek name for the
Solidus.
Nomos (vojAOi;) law, custom, came to be
emplo.ved in the .sen.se of a piece of money,
legal money, the synonym for v6ij.iaij.a. See
also Noununos.
Non Sunt. A name given to a Scotch
billon coin which was issued in 1558 and
1559. It is also known as a Twelvepennv
Plack.
The name is derived from the revei-si'
inscriiition, i.\M NON svnt dvo sed vna
I'AKO. i.e.. "They are no more twain but
one flesh,"" taken from St. Matthew (xix.
6), and which refers to the marriage of
Mary Stuart and Francis of France.
Norkyn. See Halard.
Norman Penny. The name given to a
Deniei' of Kichard I, and one of his Anglo-
Gallic coins. It bears on the reverse the
inscription iioDVMnvro for rodomaco, and
resembles the coin.s of Aleonor, queen of
Ijo\iis, King of Fi'ance.
Northumberland Shilling. A name given
to a Shilling struck in 1763 for distribution
among the people, on the Earl of Northumberland
"s public entry into Dublin as Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland. Only two thousand
were struck and the coin is conseciuently
rare. Tlie designei- is Richard Yeo.
Nosf-Wokye. See Kesme.
Notdaler. Sec De Gortz Daler.
[
Notmiinzen. An expression used by
(ieruian numismatists to indicate obsidional
coins.
Noumia, oi- Noummia ( vo'j[jiijl!Ov ) . A
small Roman copper coin which appeared
about the reign of .lulianus II (360-363)
and continued to the end of the Western
Enipii'e. Its weight was ten grains.
Noummos, the Doi'ian foi'iu of v6|xoi;,
used ill South Italy to designate the princii)
al silver coin issued in the many cities
of this district. The Noummos here corresponded
in weight to the ('orinthian
Stater or Attic Didrachm. The term Noummos
was also used to designate the silver
Litra {q.r.), struck in the same locality.
Srr Kalielon, Tniitt' (i. 450-453).
Nova Constellatio. The conunon name
for a series of copper coins engraved by
Wyon, and made in Birmingham, England,
in 1783 and 1785, for use in America.
See Crosby.
Another series, of the same name, consists
of thi'ce silver coins, of the denomination
of ]\Iark, yuint, ami Cent, which represent
a plan of coinage, advocated .lanuary
15, 1782, by Robert Morris. These coins
are pattern or experimental pieces, and
were never adopted.
Novcic (])lural Novcica). A copper den(
unination formerly current in Bosnia and
iMontenegro and equal to the one hundredth
part of the Gulden or Florin.
When the Krone system was introduced
into Austria in 18f)2, this coin was superseded
by the Heller.
Noveno, or Novene. The name given to
a billon coin issued by Alfonso X of Castile
(1252-1284), and his successoi"s, and
struck at Burgos, Leon, Seville, etc. The
general t.ype presents a lion rampant on
the obverse, and a fortress of three towers
on the reverse. It was discontimied in
the sixteenth century.
Novgorodka. The name given to the
Denga struck in Novgorod in the fourteenth
century, and valued at two Dengui
at Moskow. See Chaudoir (p. 116).
This is the money referred to by John
Ilasse, in The Cnines Weit/hta niirl Measures.
Kxed in Russia, 1554, Ilakluyt, I'riiieipal
N(ivi(jatio»s, London, 1589 (p. 293),
as follows: "Of silver coines there be
these sortes of pieces. The least is a Poldeiiga, the second a Denga, the third a
Niiwgrote, which is as much to say in English,
a half penie, a penie, and two pence."
Novini. The name given to silver coins
of Savoy and Genoa of the value of nine
Danari, issued in the latter half of the
fifteenth century. See Rivista Italiana di
NumisDiatica (vi. 368).
Nowgrote. See Novgorodka.
Nowt Geld. In Ine's Laws, circa 693,
a regulated sequence of fines is given, estimated
in the payment of cattle, and called
nowt-geld. But as the valuations here recorded
were not subjected to subsequent
alteration, it is probable that the nowtgeld
was disused by the Anglo-Saxons soon
after Ine's time. In Scotland, however,
cattle payments continued to the reign of
David I "(1124-1153).
Numisma, the Latin form of the Greek
Nomisma (q.v.).
Numismata. A generic term for money.
Nummi Caduceati. The name given to
such varieties of the Roman Denarii as
bear a representation of the caduceus or
staff of Mercury.
Nummi Castrenses. The name given to
such coins as were issued l)y military commanders
to pay their armies. Well known
examples are the gold coins of Rome, struck
by order of Sulla, Pompey, and Julius
Caesar, and a rare piece i.ssued by Flaminius
in Greece, about the period of the
Second Macedonian War, which bears his
name and portrait.
All of the military coiiuige was struck
outside of Rome.
Nummi Cavi. A name used by some
luanismatic writers to designate the Bracteates
(q.v.).
Nummi Grossi. See Dick Thaler.
Nummi Mixti. Sec Plated Coins.
Nummi Plumbei. The general term for
leaden coins or tokens, but specially used
for those struck by the ancients.
Plautus, in his Triiiunniio. sa.ys: "Cni
si capitis sit numinuin crcdam plumbeum."
Some writei's apjily the name to imitations
of the Denarii of the Consular and Imperial
series.
Nummi Scyphati. See Concave Coins.
Nummi Vitrei. See Glass Coins.
Nummularius. A Roman money changer.
The "term is foimd in English literature
in the Mirour of Saluacioun (58), written
circa 1450, to wit: "He ouerthrewe the
hordes & shedde the monee of the NumelaricHs."'
Nummus, also written Numus. In Latin
a generic term for money, and the name
applied to the chief current coin in any
system. See Sestertius and Follis. Multiples,
e.g., Pentanummion, Decanummion,
etc., are fre(iuently used in describing the
Byzantine coins.
The Nimimi of Alba and Signia in Central
Italy, issued B.C. 303-268, correspond
to the As of aboiit ten Roman ounces.
Nummus Aereus. A small copper coin
of late Roman times {see Noumia) ; principally
used as a generic term for a bronze
coin.
Nummus Argenteus. See Denarius.
Nummus Aureus. See Aureus.
Nummus Bracteatus. See Bracteates.
Nummus Centenionalis. See Follis and
Centenionalis.
Nummus Dentatus. Sec Serrated Coins.
Nummus Epularis. See Labay.
Nummus Incusus. See Bracteates.
Nummus Ratitus. A general name for
Roman cuius wjiirh bear the figure of a
galley or the jirow of a galley.
Nummus Realis. See Real.
Nummus Serratus. See Serrated Coins.
Nunciata. A corrui)tion of Annunciata
iq.v.).
Nurling, oi' Knurling. Another name for
the reeding on the edge of a coin.
Nusflik. A gold coin of the modern
Eg\ptian series of the value of fifty Piastres.
It was introduced A. II. 1255 or A.D.
1839.
The coi-respoiuling silver coin of the
value of ten Piastres is called Nusf. Noback
(p. 243) cites the Nusf as a gold
coin of Morocco of the value of half a Rial,
or six and three quarter IJkkias.
Nyueki Jimpo. Si r Jiu Ni Zene.