Habbeh. A uraiii, i.e., a Barleycorn
is equal to four Aruzzehs, one third Kirat,
one eighth Danik ; or two Barleyeorns are
equal to one third Tassuj or one sixtieth
Dinar. Srr Danik.
Habitant Tokens. In 1837, through an
ordiuanL-e passed b\- the special Council,
the four banks doing business in Lower
Canada were autliorized to issue regular
bank tokens. As these bore the figure of
a French-Canadian farmer on the obverse,
thej- are known as the "Habitant" tokens.
They came to be recognized and accepted
as a regular provincial coinage. See Papineau.
Hacienda Tokens were formerly redeemalilc
at a known value, on presentation
to the proprietor who had issued
them. They are of various shapes and
usually bear devices suggestive of a trademark,
from which their place of is.sue can
be determined.
Hacksilber means cut or chopped silver
and is a term used by German numismatic
writers to indicate the cut and fragmentary
coins which constitute a part of
a "find." The buried trea.sure dating
from the tenth to the twelfth centuries
frecjuently consists of silver in bars or
cakes with a mixture of both cut and jierfect
coins.
Halbling, or Helbling. Tliis word means
a liall', and as the Pfennig was the German
cfiuivalent for the Denarius, so the Iliilbling
was originally used to designate the
lialf of this coin, i.e., the Obolus. It occurs
among the Hracteates and was the predecessdi'
in Soutiiern Germany and Austria
of tiie Heller, and in more northern Germany
of the Scherf.
Haller, or Haller. The Swiss equivalent
of the Heller (q.v.). It was issued
in the Cantons of St. Gallen, Zug, etc.,
and 4Sfl were computed to the Gulden.
Handelheller. The name given to small
thin silver coins which were originally
struck about the beginning of the fonr-
[ 104
teenth century at Hall in Wiirttemberg.
They are without an.y inscription and have
on one side a cross and on the other a
hand, from which the name is derived.
They are mentioned in an ordinance of
the Emperor Weneeslaus of the year 1385,
in which it stated that the cities of Augsburg,
Nuremberg, Ulm, and Hall, are the
onlj- localities in which these coins are to
be struck.
Haha Sen, oi "Mother Sen." The Jap
anese name i'ttv the fii'st impressions made
from the Hori Tane Sen (q.v.) or original
hand cut Sen, and from which the Tane
Sen (q.v.) are made. These are naturally
very rare and much prized as most of them
are cast in pewter. See Mu Ch'ien, the
Chinese equivalent.
Hahnrei Thaler. The word means a
cuckold and it is usually applied to a class
of medallie Thaler which have obscene inscriptions.
It is also used to designate a Thaler
struck by Pliilip Reinhard I, Earl of
Solms, in 1627 from silver found in the
fortress of Wolfenbiittel, and dedicated to
Christian IV of Denmark.
Haidari, or Heideri. A name given to
the double Kujiee of Mysore by Tipu Sultan,
in 1786, wlien he adopted his new
system of reckoning, based on the Muludi,
i.e., dating from the birth of the Prophet.
The coin is so called from Ilaidar, a surname
of the first Imam.
Haies d'Or. The common designation
for a gold coin of William IV, Count of
Ilainaut, in Flanders (1-104-1417), which
was co[)ied from the Ange d'Or, of Philip
VI of France.
Halard. A coin cited by Andrew
Boorde, in his hitroduetion to Knowleclc/e.
1.^)47 (xiv. 161), who says: "They haue
Norkyns, Halardes, Phenyngs, Crochei'ds,
Stiuers.
"
Halb. Tlie German e(|uivalent for one
half and generally used in connection with
Thaler, Groschen, etc.
Halbag Hard Head
]>()|)ular name for tlic ciirf
Cent of the Netherlands.
Halbag. f!re Judenpfennige.
Halber. An abbreviated form of the
half of some unit of vahie, and extensively
used ill Southci'ii (iennany for half a
Krcuzt'i-, lialf a PtViiiiifi, etc.
Halbskoter. See Skoter.
Halfje. The
I'ent copper hal
Halfling. The half of a Silverliiifj or
old silver IVniiy. Sir Walter Seott in
li'diihoe has tiie sentence, " 'Not a shekel,
not a silver penny, not a halfling' . . .
said the Jew."
Half Penny. Proliabiy no other English
coin has so many dialect forms. In
\'orkshire it is called Awpenny; in Western
Yorkshire Awpney and Ilaupenny; in
Devonshire Ilapmy; in Cornwall Happeny;
in Lan<'asiiire Hawpny ; and in Cnniheriand
Ho'penny.
Half Shiner. A coin mentioned in the
monetary ordinances of Gibraltar and in
17(ili fixed at a valne of eleven Dollars and
two Heaies. Prom tliis value it must have
been tiie .loliainies, whicii was half the
Dobra. Srr Chalmers (p. 298).
Hammered Coins date from a very eai'ly
periiiil ami an interesting account of their
manufacture is to be found in the Kosnio-
(fraphie of Sebastian Miinster, which was
printed early in the sixteenth century.
'I'lie hammei'ed coinage was superseded by
the use of tiie mill and .screw. The English
hammered silver money was called in
during the reign of William ITT, and the
lianunered gold coins were declared to be
no longer current in 1732-1733. iSVr Milled
JToney.
Hams, also known as Boars' Feet, is the
common name for a variety of copper
coins, struck by the (iallie city of Nemausiis.
Tliey are of tlic siiajie of a ham, and
tli('ir exact use has not been determined.
Conf. the exhaustive treatise on tiiis subject,
by Goudard, Notiee siir Ic.i Medailles
(lites Picds- tie Sanglier, Toulouse, 1880-
1893.
Han. A Japanese w^ord meaning "one
lialf" and used as a prefix on coins, r.y.,
ilan Shu on the coins of the Lu Cliu islands.
Hana Furi Kin, or "Raining Flowers
Gold Coin."" Certain thin small oval Japanese
gold ])ieces were called iiy this name,
and were said to have been issued by II ideyoshi
for the invasion of Korea in 1592.
To this day the word liana is used for a
reward.
Handsel. Earnest money on a contract
;
a coi'rui)tion of "hand sale." See Earnest.
"Anciently, among all the Northern nations,
shaking of hands was held necessary
to bind the bargain; a custom which we
still retain in many verbal contracts. A
sale thus made was called hand sale, venditio
per niutiiam iiuniuuni vinnpJesionem
;
till in process of time the same word was
used to signify the price, or eaiMiest, which
was given immediately after the shaking
of hands, or instead thereof." Blackstone,
Commentaries (ii. 30).
Hanover Sovereign. A name given to
a brass medalet, dated 1S:!7, with a gallojiing
rider on the reverse, and the inscrij)-
tion TO H.\!si()VEi{ above. The mounted
figure is intended for the Duke of Cnmbei--
land, who was very unpopular in England,
and the motto signifies that his return to
Hanover would be desirable.
Hansatsu. Early Japanese paper currency.
See Kinsatsu.
Hantpennige. See Pfennig.
Hao. The Chinese name for the silver
fen-cent piece introtluced at Ilong Kong
under British rule, and later used on the
Kwang Tung silver coins. See Chiao.
Hape. A Scotch nickname for a half-
]ienny and common to lianarkshire.
Nicholson, in his Idi/lls. 1870 (106), lias:
"Dae ye want the Citeez |Citizen|?
Evenin' or Weekly? It's only a liajio.
"
Hapmy. See Half Penny.
Happeny. See Half I^enn.v.
Hard Head. A name given to a Scotch
billon coin first issued in the third coinage
of Mary (1555-1558). The term is a corruption
of the French Ilardit.
Some authorities refer to this piece under
the name of a Lion, from the lion
rampant, crowned, whicli it bears.
These coins, originally of the value of
one and one half Pence, were struck to
afford relief to the poor, who suffered much
loss on account of the lack of small change. Under James VI the value was raised to
two Pence, and indicated bj' two pellets.
The Hard Head was discontinued in the
reign of Charles 1.
Hardi, or Hardit. An Anglo-Gallic
silver and billon coin issued l)y Edward
111, King of England, and copied by the
French Kings as Dukes of Aquitaine. It
bears on the obverse a half-length figure
holding a sword.
The Hardi d'Or is a similar coin of gold.
Edward the Black Prince had them struck
at Bordeaux, and Charles de France, the
brother of King Louis XI, issued them for
Aciuitaine from 1469 to 1474.
The name is jirobably derived from a
small eopper coin issued by Philip le
Hardi, King of France, and later represented
by the Liard. Some authorities
claim that as its original value was one
fourth of the Sol, the name is a corruption
of the English word Farthing, corresjionding
to tlic one fourth of the Penny.
Hard Times Tokens. A popular name
for a series of eojjper tokens struck from
1834 to 1841, and bearing inscriptions referring
to the movement for and against
the r.aiik of the United States.
Harf. An Abj'ssinian money of accoinit.
»SVf Wakea and Kharf.
Harington. The popular name for the
copper Farthing issued in the reign of
James I. The term is derived from the
patentee, John, Lord Harington, of Exton.
He died in 1614, but the tokens continued
in circulation long afterward. See Farthing.
Harp. The colloquial name for the
Groat and lialf Gi'oat struck in 1536 and
later, by Henry VIII for Ireland, on account
of the figure of tiic harp on the reverse.
In coiitciiiporary documents there is
mention of 'red harpes, " being worth three
Snudkyns {q.v.). See also Numismatic
Chronicle (4th Series, xv. 192-229).
Harpe d'Or. See Davidstuiver.
Harps. The name given to a .series of
co])per tokens issued in Canada in 1820,
and later. Tliey bear on the obverse a
bust of George IV, and on the reverse a
large harp, and the date. They were so
])opular as currency that large luimbcrs of
brass countcrfcils were nuide.
Harry Groat. A popular name for the
Groat of Henry VIII of England (1509-
1547). Shackerly Marmion in his play
The AntiqiKirtj, 1633 (ii.), has the lines:
"A piece of antiquity; sir, 'tis English
coin; and if you will needs know, 'tis an
old Harry groat."'
Harry Sovereign. The designation sometimes
applied to the Sovereign of Henry
VII of England who first striick this coin
in 1489. J. Stephens, in his Sati/ricul Essrijjrs,
1615 (:)71), writes: "She hatli old
hari-y soveraignes ... to give away on her
death bed.
"
Harzgold Dukat. A gold coin of Brunswick
and ljiiiicl)ni'g struck liy the electors
in the eighteenth century and which receives
its name from the fact that the metal
was obtained from mines in the Ilarz
Mountains. iSVc Ansbeutemunzen.
Hashshah. Semicircular pieces of iron,
somewhat resembling the knives used by
leather-cutters, are current as money in
Koi-dofan and other African localities.
Hashtkani. See Nasfi.
Hassa. See Towcelah.
Hat Money. According to Wharton,
Law Lcricun, 1864, this was "a small duty
paid to the captain and mariners of a ship,
also called primage."
The custom appears to have been in force
in the seventeeuth century, for C. Molloj%
in a work De Jure Marilimo, 1676 (ii. 9,
§6), says: "Petty Averidge is another
small Duty which IMerchants pay to the
Master. . . . The F'rench Ships commonly
term the Gratuity Hat-money."
Hat Money. See Tampang.
Hatome Sen, or "Pigeon Eye" Sen. A
very small tliin coin used at one time in
the Lu Chu Islands. A linndnMl were
strung together and a string was worth
about ten Japanese Mon {q.v.).
Hat Piece. A Scottish gold coin issued
in 15;il to 1593, upon wiiich the King,
James \'I, is represented wearing a high
crowned hat.
On the reverse is a lion sejant, holding
a sceptre in his paw, above which, in a
cloud, are the Hebrew letters for Jehovah.
The legend is te. solvm. vereor., i.e.,
"Thee only do I fear." The weight is
seventy grains.
[ 10« ]
Haupenny Heller
It is claiiiiod that tins coin was issued
"for till' piirpiisc ol' liariiinniziiip; tho St'ottisli
cunviicy with the Enjilish, and lo
lesson tho iiiconvoiiioiico caiisod by their
disafri'oement.
"
It must iiave been eiinnterl'eited at a
very early period, as Piteairn, in his Criminal
Tri<i'ls of Scothnul, lo'Ji) (ii. 9t)), mentions
"False liat-jieieeis, pistulettis, and
eniwiiis.
""
Haupenny. Srr Hall' Penny.
Hausgroschen. A base silver eoin stniek
by Fi-etlerick the (li-eat. In eiinrse of time
it deterioi-ated in pni'ity to sueli an extent
that instead of the orii;inal value, one
twenty-fourth of a Thaler, it was tinally
worth only one forty-seeond of a Thaler.
It was succeeded bv the Hilbergroschen in
1821.
Hawpny. Srr Half Penny.
Hayaki. .Japanese paper currency of
the value of one half or one quarter Koban.
Src Kinsatsu.
Hazardinar. A !.;olil eoin of Persia
wliii'h the Enji'lish called Mildinar, and the
Russians Houble. It was introduced in the
second year of the reign of Nadir, i.e.,
1738, and had a value of one thousaiul
Dinars.
Head Silver. Wharton, in his Law Lexicon,
lS(j4, states that this was the name
given to "dues paid to lords of leets ; also
a fine of £40 which the sheriff of Northumberland
heretofore exacted of the inhabitants
twice in seven years." It was abolished
by a statute of 2:5 Henry VII e. 7.
Heads or Tails. A phrase used to decide
an.>- projiositioii by tossing a coin in
the air; the "head" representing the obverse,
and the "tail" correspoiuling to the
rever.se.
The custom dates back to ancient tinu^s,
the Komans using the term "heads or
ships." iMaerobiiis, a Latin grannnarian of
the fifth century, in his Saturnalia (i. 7),
has: Cum pueri denarius in sublime jactantes,
"capita aut navia," lusu teste vetustatis
exclamant.
In Ireland the expression "heads or
har|)s" was formerly common, the allusion
being to the harp on the reverse of the
half Pennies of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries.
[10
The phrase is common in many modern
languages. The French say a pile ou face;
the (ieniuins, Kopf oiler Flach ; the Scandinavians,
Krona eller Klafre; the S|)anish,
C(rra o Sella; the Italians, Croce o
Tesla, etc.
Hearth Money. See Chiimiey .Monej'.
Heaume, i.e., a helmet. A name ap-
]ilied to any coin on which the helmet is
a j)rominent feature. A silver Oros
Heaume was issued bv Charles \\ of
France (1380-1422), and Jean de Horn
(1485-1505) copied the type for Jjiege.
Louis de Male (1346-1384)," Count of Flanders,
struck the Ileaunu; d'Or, the obverse
of which shows two lions supi)orting a helnu'ted
shield under a (lothic dais. See
Hotdi'ager. The Helmi)fennige of the city
of Hanover issued in the seventei'iitli century
have similar designs.
Hebraer. See Ebriier.
Heckmiinzen, Heckpfennige, are terms
used by (iei'man numisniatisls to indicate
coins that are below the regular standard
as to size and fineness.
Hecte. A Greek coin, the one sixth of
the Stater {q.iK). It was sti'uck lioth in
gold aiul electrum. The electrum Ilecti'-s
of Phocaea and Mytilene are the commonest
and enjoyed a wide vogue in ancient
times, being known as 'iv.\on 'fwy.aiSsi;.
Heideri. The double Ruiiee of My.sore.
.SV(' Haidari.
Heilandsmiinzen. The iio|)ular name
for any coins bearing the figure of the
Savior. See Salvator.
Heitje. A slang term for the current
silver coin of twenty-five Cents i.ssued bv
the Netherlands.
Helbling. See Iliilbling.
Heliens. The name given to Deniers of
Perigord which bear the name of Count
Elie II (1006-1017). See Blanchet (i. 22).
Heller. Originally a .small silver coin
which takes its luuue from Ilall, in Wiirttemberg,
where it was originally i.ssued in
the earlv part of the thii'teenth centurv
Conf. Ilandelhellcr.
In the fifteenth century it degeiierated
to a base silver, ami later to a billon coin,
and was not only common thi'oughoiit
southern Germany, but was used extensivel,
v in Silesia, Ponnuerania, etc. At a somen wliat later period, the Heller became a copper
coin altogiether. Its value varied according:
to the locality. Eight Heller were
generallj' equal to a Kreuzer or two Heller
to a Pfennig.
It is still retained in Austria and in German
East Africa, being the one liundredtli
part of the Krone and the Rupie respeetivi'ly.
Hellier. An obsolete form of writing
Heller. See Poy.
Helmarc. A corruption of Halb Mark.
Du Caime cites it as a denomination used
as early as lOSO.
Helmpfennig. See Heaume.
Helsing is defined by Wharton, in his
Law Lexicon, 1864, as "a Saxon brass
coin, of the value of a half penny," but
it is doubtful what particular coin can be
intended.
Hemiassarion. The Greek name for the
halt' As. \'n]\h'ms, Historia (ii. 15).
Hemichalk. The half Chaleus (q.v.).
Hemichrysos is mentioned by Pollux.
It is the half Stater of gold and was most
commonly struck at Cyrene.
Hemidanake, the half of the Danake
iq.r.). The r);j.t?avay.Y5 or T]|).tBava/.'.&v is
mentioned by Hesychius and was a Persian
coin.
Hemidaric, or half Daric, principally a
money of account and so used in the wellknown
passage in the Anabasis of Xeno-
])h(>n (i. 3, 21), where lie speaks of the
Y;tj.i?ap£!y.a.
Hemidrachm. The half of the Drachm
(q.v.), and spoken of as tiie Triobol. It
was extensively coined in ancient times.
Hemihecte. The half of the Hecte
{q.v.) and i'i|ual to the 01)ol of gold, or
one twelfth of the Stater. In gold it was
coined principally at Cyrene; in electrnm
it appeared at many mints in Asia I\Iinor.
Hemilitrion. The half of the Litra
iq.i'.) of silver and fretiuently coined at
Lcontini, Entella, and Syracuse. Later the
Hemilitrion in bronze (commoidy known
liy its Latin name of Semis) apjieared at
iriaiiy minis in southern Italy and Sicily.
Hemiobol. The half of the Obol (q.v.)
aiul the one twelffli of the Draehm. The
commoni'st examples are those of Athens.
[1
Hemisium is (juoted by Du Cange as an
old form of the half As.
Hemistater. The half of the Stater
{q.v.) or the Ilcmi-chry.sos {q.v.). The
Tjixia-ia-ripcv is mentioned by Pollux and
Hesychius.
Hemitartemorion is the one eighth of
the Obol or the one forty-eighth of the
Drachm. Specimens in silver were struck
at Athens, other places coined their ecjuivalents
in bronze.
Hemitetarte. The one eighth of the
gold Stater {q.v.). A very rare denomination.
Henri d'Or. A French gold coin struck
hy Henri II in ]r)49, it lieing the first
coin of France with a date. The reverse
has the inscription dvm totvm compleat
ORBEM. Conf. Enrique.
Heptadrachm. The multiple of seven
Draciuns (t/.v.). Actual siiecimens are not
known.
HeptoboL The multiple of seven Obols
{q.v.). This term was often used in Egypt
in monetary accounts.
Heregeld. This word occurs as early as
the year 1018 in a charter of King Canute.
Cowel, in The Interpreter, ItiOT, states that
it "is a Tribute or Tax levyed for the
Maintenance of an Armv. " Conf. German
Ileer Geld.
Herescarius. A small coin mentioned in
a codex (if Fol(|uino.
Herrengroschen. The name usually
given to silver coins of the sixteenth century
bearing a figure of the Savior. The
word means "(iroschen of the Master."
Herring Silver. An old English term
implying a payment in money for the
custom of supplying herrings for the provision
of a religious institution.
Herzogsgroschen. The name applied in
general to any type of the Gros or double
Gros on which the principal feature is the
ducal figure. Examples exist for Diiren.
struck by William I de Jidiers (1357-
1361), and reading wHjHelm ditx-ivIjIACKSis
and moneta diirensi.
Hexadrachm. A Greek silver coin of
the value of six Drachms {q.v.). It was
rarely struck, though specimens from the
Cartiiaginiau mint ai'c known.
OS J
Hexas Hock Tuesday Money
Hexas. Tlie one sixth of the Litra
{(/.v.). Coins of tliis (k'nomination were
stniek in southern Italy and Sicily hoth in
silver and bronze. In bronze it eorresjjonds
to the Roman Sextans.
Hexastater. The denomination of six
Staters, better known as the l)o<lekadraehm
{<l.r.).
Hexobol. A multiple nl' the Obnl (q.r.)
struck ill bronze in Efrypt under the Ptolemies.
Heytnannchen. A nirknaiiie ;;iven to
certain Prussian JIarienj::roselieii struck in
Auricli in IKil. They were a temporary
money of necessity and were put forth by
a iiiiiit-war(h^n named lleymann.
Hibernias. A name given to the brass
half Pence struck at Limerick dnrin<r the
sie;;e of Kiill. These |)ieces were <;(Mierally
re-strnek on Gun-money Siiillinu;s and luive
on the reverse a seated tigure of llibernia
holding a harp.
Hieronymus d'Or. A gold coin of
Westjihalia of the value of five Thaler;
it obtains its name fi'om .Jerome Napoleon.
Higley Coppers. The name given to a
variety of thi-eepence sti-uck by John Higley
of (jranby, Connecticut, from which
circumstance these i)ieees are also referred
to as Granby Coi)j)ers. Higley was born
in 1673, and the coins are dated 1737 and
1739. There are a number of varieties, one
of which was discovered as recently as 1913
with a wheel on the reverse. For details
as to this pi'ivate coinage, ser Crosby,
and Worxlford, Ciirrriicii niul Hanking in
Connrrtiriif.
Hip. A slang name for the current silver
coin of fifty cents issued for the
Netherlands.
Hirschgulden. A name given to the
Gulden or two thirds Thaler of Wiirttemberg
which has a stag sui)pf)rting the armorial
bearings. The large silver coins of
Stdlberg which bear a stag standing against
a pillar ai-c known as IlirsehthahM-.
Hirtenpfennig. .\ niekiiaine given to a
uniface copper coin of Huchhorn. The armorial
bearings of this city are a beech
tree and a horn, and from the latter figure,
resembling a sheiiherd's horn, the name
was probably coined.
n
Histia'ika. A name given in ancient
tiiiK's {'l-j-'.xiv.d or 'laTtar/.ov ap-fupiov) to the
well-known Tetrobols of Ilistiaea in Eiil)(
H'a. See Ilomolle, Bull. curr. hell. (vol. vi.
1882, p. 133).
Hitarc Ffennige. The name given to a
type of small silver coins struck in the
Arclibishopi'ic of Cologne during the
twelfth century. They were principally
issued iiiidei- Arnold 11 von AVied (1151-
ll.')(l), and Reinald von Da.ssel (llo!)-
1 1(17 I, All of the coins have a church with
three spires on the reverse.
Ho. A .Ia])anese word meaning treasure.
The term is used in conjunction with
Tsu, i.e., currency, on coins, forming two
of the usual four characters on the obversi".
See Pao and Tsu and ronf. Miinro (j)]).
251, 264).
Hobby Horse, also known as Steckenreiter.
The name given to both a gold
and silver s((uare coin which the Imperial
Ambassador in Nureniburg ordered to be
struck in the year 1650, on the conclusion
of the Peace of Westphalia. lie was tendered
an ovation by the youths of the city,
who appeared in front of his residence
riding on hobby-horses This incident is
dei)icted on one side of the coin aiul the
reverse bears the inscri|ition vivat fiordi-
.X.^N'DVS III. ROM. IMP.
Hochmuths Thaler, also called Waser
Tluiler. A silver coin of Zurich struck in
lti6().
Hock Money. An olisolete English
t<'rm for the money collected by various
]iersons at Ilocktide. In the Churchwardens'
Aeeoiint.'i of St. Dunstan"s Church
in Canterbury, under the date 14S4-1485,
occurs the following entry: " Ress. by vs
the seyde \Vardeyiu!S of Ilockemoneye at
Ester ix. s. xd."
In other old records the word is variously
written Ilok Money, Hoke Money,
and Oke Money.
Hock Tuesday Money. Cowel, in The
/itlerpii li r. 1607. states that this was "a
duty given to the landloi'd, that his tenants
and bondmen might solenniize the day on
which the English coiupiered the Panes,
beini; the second Tuesday after Easter
week."
Hoedjesschelling. A variety of the
Selielliiifj- wliii'li receives its name from the
figure of a hood on a staff, the latter being
held in the claws of a lion rampant. It
was issued only for the Province of Zeeland,
and the coitiage originated in 1672
and extends to about 1720.
Ho Ei Sen. A large rouud Japanese
bronze coin made in 1707 at the value of
ten ordinary Sen and withdrawn two years
later desjiite the fact that the reverse inscription
reads "For the Everlasting Use
of the World."
Hog. The slang name for a Shilling.
R. Head, in his Canting Acadcnii/, IGT-i,
has "Shilling, Bord, or Hog''; Cruikshank
in Three Courses and Dessert (412), remarks,
"What's half a crown and a shilling?
A bull and a hog."
Hog Money. The popular name for a
series of coins issued for the Bermuda
Islands earl.y in the seventeenth century.
It is stated that in 1515 a Spanish vessel
commanded by Juan Bermudez, and containing
a cargo of hogs, was wrecked on
one of these islands, while on its way to
Culia. In 1609 George Somers was a])-
pointed Governor of the Colony of Virginia,
and on his voyage from England he
was cast away on the Bermudas, where he
found a large number of wild hogs. He
victualled a vessel with them, proceeding
later to Virginia. In the same year, 1609,
a charter was granted to the Bermuda
Company by James 1, and it is assumed
that frcim about 1616 to 1624 the first
coins consisting of copper shillings, si.xpences,
three-pences, and two-pences were
struck.
These pieces have on one side the figure
of a hog, with the inscription sommek
ISLANDS, and on the reverse a galleon. See
Niiiiiisniatic Chronicle, 1883 (p. 117), and
Crosby Cpp. 17, 18).
HohlblafFert. See Blaffert.
Hohlpfennige. A name given to certain
uniface coins rcs('inl)ling the Bi'acteatcs but
containing a smallci' jjcrccntage of silver.
Tliey were originally issued in tlie northci'n
portions of (iermany, Ponnnerania, P>randcnburg,
I\Ieckleid)urg, etc., and wei"e copied
in the Khine Provinces in the fiftecntli
century and received the name of Ijiibische
Pfeunige. The latter arc usually found
with a raised edge, by which they can
easily be distinguished from the Hohlpfennige.
Hohlringheller. A minute base silver
uniface coin of Aix-la-Chapelle, Aremberg,
etc., current in the latter part of the sixteenth
century. It bears a resemblance to
the IIohl])fennige {q.i\) but is of much
smaller niodide.
Hok Money,
Hock Monev.
Hoke Money. See
Holey Dollar, also called Ring Dollar.
In the ycai' 1S13 Governor Macijuarie of
New South Wales iirocured some £10,000
worth of Spanish Dollars from the centres
of which he had circular discs cut. Around
the edges of the perforation, which is
milled, the words new south wales, 1813,
were stamped, and on the reverse five shillings,
1813. This coin received the name
of the Holey Dollar. The circular central
piece was known as a Dumj) ; it was
countermarkcd with a crown and the value,
p^iFTEEN PENCE. The Ilolcy Dollar was
cui'rent until 1829. See NiiDiisniatic Chrunivlr
(Series iii. 3, pp. 119-120).
Homage Coins are such as indicate by
their inscriptions that homage or respect
is tendered to some ruler. They occur extensively
in the German series and are
known as Huldiguugs IMiinzen.
Homereus, or 'OiJii^ps'.ov. This name, as
we learn from Strabo (xiv. 1, 37), was
given to certain bronze coins struck at
Smyrna which bear the type of llcnner
seated. Illustrations of these coins will
be found in the Bi'itish Museum catalogue,
Ionia (Plate xxv. Nos. 15-17).
Hongre. An obsolete form of the Ongaro
or I'ngaro. Richai'd Hayes, in The
Neejociators' Magazine, 1740, mentions "a
Hongre at 151^ Livres, " current at Bergamo;
"an Hongre, or Hungarian Sequin,
of about 240 or 250 Aspers, " used in Constant
ino|)lc ; and "a Gold Hongre at 81/4
Mvics," rnrrcnt at Bologna.
Hook Money. Sec Larin.
Ho'penny. See Half Penny.
[110 1
Hoppers' Money Hybrid Coins
Hoppers' Money. A VHi-it'ty (if tokens
or tallies, made of lead, and jiaid to pickers
of ho])s in lieii of money. Tliey represented
the amount of bushels pieked and
were redeemed when the work was finislied.
Srr Spit,k (xx. 1:]872).
Ho Pu. The Cliincse name for certain
eoi)per coins issued by Wang Man{?, 7-14
A.I)., and meaninj;: exehanfjcable cloth
money.
Hori Tane Sen. The .lapaiiese name for
tlie oi'i5z:inal hand cut model for a coin,
from wliich carefully made impressions arc
made for other Hen. They are generally
cut in copper, silver or ivory. Sec Ilaha
Sen and Tane Sen.
Homgroschen. The nanu' given to a
series of silver coins issued by the Elector
Ernst of Saxony, jointly with his brother
Albrecht and his uncle Wilhelm (14()4-
1486). There are numerous varieties of
mint-marks for Leipzig, Colditz, Freiberg,
Zwickau, etc. Dated specimens exist as
early as 1465. See Frey (No. 109). There
are also Hornpfennige of the same design
for vario\is parts of Thuringia inchuling
the city of Erfurt. All of these coins obtain
their luimes from the shield on the
reverse which is surmounted by a helmet
with ox liorns.
Horse and Jockey. A nickname for the
Sovei-cign of (ieoi-ge III of England, which
has on the reverse St. George on horseback
in condiat with the Dragon.
Hosenband Thaler. A silver coin struck
in Dresden in 1678 to commemorate the
conferring of the Order of the Garter on
the Elector Johann George II of Saxony.
Hsien. A Chinese word used on the
Cantonese and Hong Kong coinage of the
one Cent denomination. The word is a
])lioneticism for the sound Cent.
Hsing Yeh. Sec ]jai Tsu.
Hua. The Chinese for "exchange."
The character is found on some of the ancient
coins and the word is used in the
sense of exchange for money.
Huan. A Chinese weight of six ounces
in which fines were paid. The word also
means a ring, and also a round coin in
which the field and the central hole is
cciual. Sec Pi and Yuan.
Huang Kai Tsu. See Kua Teng Ch'ien.
Hubertusthaler. A silver coin of the
Palatinate issued during the eighteenth
century, which bears a figure of St. Hubert,
the patron saint of huntsmen. lie is generally
represented as kneeling before a
stag.
Didte Gerhard \'I of Jiilicii founded the
Order of St. Ilubertus, and it was reorgani/.
ed by the Elector Palatine Johann
Wilhelm in 170!). A smaller coin, called
the Ilubei'tiisgroschen, was struck at Jliihlheim
in 1481^. Sic Frey (No. 2:53).
Hudson's Bay Tokens. A name given
to four varieties of brass tokens which
were issued about the year 1857 aiul used
by the Hudson's Pay Comjiany in its tradings
with the Indians. The largest of
these tokens is of the value of one beaver
skin, and the others are fractions of one
half, one (luarter, and one eighth. See
Breton (926-92!)).
Huitain. A name given to the one
eighth Thaler of Geneva issued in 1624 and
later.
Huitieme d'Ecu. Sec Qnai't d'Ecu.
Huldigungs Miinzen. Sec Homage
Coi)is.
Hun. The Hinilnstani name for the
Pagoda iq.v.).
Hunting Dollar. See Jagdthaler.
Huo. A Chinese term for money. It
is composed of the characters Ilua "exchange"
and Pei "Cowries" {q.v.).
Hussthaler. A general name for all
coins of Thaler size whicii bear a portrait
of .lohaini IIuss. They are of a medallic
luiturc and are supjiosed to have been
struck in 1515, a centui-y after the Reformer
met his death, but were actually
made at a latci- period.
Hvid. A silver coin current in Dennuirk,
Oldenburg, East Friesland, etc.,
early in the sixteenth centnr.\-. Its value
was four silver Pfennige. The name may
be a contraction of Korsvide {q.v.).
Hybrid Coins. A nanu- given to such
coins as have an obverse belonging to one
type and a reverse belonging to another.
See Mule.
[Ill]
is equal to four Aruzzehs, one third Kirat,
one eighth Danik ; or two Barleyeorns are
equal to one third Tassuj or one sixtieth
Dinar. Srr Danik.
Habitant Tokens. In 1837, through an
ordiuanL-e passed b\- the special Council,
the four banks doing business in Lower
Canada were autliorized to issue regular
bank tokens. As these bore the figure of
a French-Canadian farmer on the obverse,
thej- are known as the "Habitant" tokens.
They came to be recognized and accepted
as a regular provincial coinage. See Papineau.
Hacienda Tokens were formerly redeemalilc
at a known value, on presentation
to the proprietor who had issued
them. They are of various shapes and
usually bear devices suggestive of a trademark,
from which their place of is.sue can
be determined.
Hacksilber means cut or chopped silver
and is a term used by German numismatic
writers to indicate the cut and fragmentary
coins which constitute a part of
a "find." The buried trea.sure dating
from the tenth to the twelfth centuries
frecjuently consists of silver in bars or
cakes with a mixture of both cut and jierfect
coins.
Halbling, or Helbling. Tliis word means
a liall', and as the Pfennig was the German
cfiuivalent for the Denarius, so the Iliilbling
was originally used to designate the
lialf of this coin, i.e., the Obolus. It occurs
among the Hracteates and was the predecessdi'
in Soutiiern Germany and Austria
of tiie Heller, and in more northern Germany
of the Scherf.
Haller, or Haller. The Swiss equivalent
of the Heller (q.v.). It was issued
in the Cantons of St. Gallen, Zug, etc.,
and 4Sfl were computed to the Gulden.
Handelheller. The name given to small
thin silver coins which were originally
struck about the beginning of the fonr-
[ 104
teenth century at Hall in Wiirttemberg.
They are without an.y inscription and have
on one side a cross and on the other a
hand, from which the name is derived.
They are mentioned in an ordinance of
the Emperor Weneeslaus of the year 1385,
in which it stated that the cities of Augsburg,
Nuremberg, Ulm, and Hall, are the
onlj- localities in which these coins are to
be struck.
Haha Sen, oi "Mother Sen." The Jap
anese name i'ttv the fii'st impressions made
from the Hori Tane Sen (q.v.) or original
hand cut Sen, and from which the Tane
Sen (q.v.) are made. These are naturally
very rare and much prized as most of them
are cast in pewter. See Mu Ch'ien, the
Chinese equivalent.
Hahnrei Thaler. The word means a
cuckold and it is usually applied to a class
of medallie Thaler which have obscene inscriptions.
It is also used to designate a Thaler
struck by Pliilip Reinhard I, Earl of
Solms, in 1627 from silver found in the
fortress of Wolfenbiittel, and dedicated to
Christian IV of Denmark.
Haidari, or Heideri. A name given to
the double Kujiee of Mysore by Tipu Sultan,
in 1786, wlien he adopted his new
system of reckoning, based on the Muludi,
i.e., dating from the birth of the Prophet.
The coin is so called from Ilaidar, a surname
of the first Imam.
Haies d'Or. The common designation
for a gold coin of William IV, Count of
Ilainaut, in Flanders (1-104-1417), which
was co[)ied from the Ange d'Or, of Philip
VI of France.
Halard. A coin cited by Andrew
Boorde, in his hitroduetion to Knowleclc/e.
1.^)47 (xiv. 161), who says: "They haue
Norkyns, Halardes, Phenyngs, Crochei'ds,
Stiuers.
"
Halb. Tlie German e(|uivalent for one
half and generally used in connection with
Thaler, Groschen, etc.
Halbag Hard Head
]>()|)ular name for tlic ciirf
Cent of the Netherlands.
Halbag. f!re Judenpfennige.
Halber. An abbreviated form of the
half of some unit of vahie, and extensively
used ill Southci'ii (iennany for half a
Krcuzt'i-, lialf a PtViiiiifi, etc.
Halbskoter. See Skoter.
Halfje. The
I'ent copper hal
Halfling. The half of a Silverliiifj or
old silver IVniiy. Sir Walter Seott in
li'diihoe has tiie sentence, " 'Not a shekel,
not a silver penny, not a halfling' . . .
said the Jew."
Half Penny. Proliabiy no other English
coin has so many dialect forms. In
\'orkshire it is called Awpenny; in Western
Yorkshire Awpney and Ilaupenny; in
Devonshire Ilapmy; in Cornwall Happeny;
in Lan<'asiiire Hawpny ; and in Cnniheriand
Ho'penny.
Half Shiner. A coin mentioned in the
monetary ordinances of Gibraltar and in
17(ili fixed at a valne of eleven Dollars and
two Heaies. Prom tliis value it must have
been tiie .loliainies, whicii was half the
Dobra. Srr Chalmers (p. 298).
Hammered Coins date from a very eai'ly
periiiil ami an interesting account of their
manufacture is to be found in the Kosnio-
(fraphie of Sebastian Miinster, which was
printed early in the sixteenth century.
'I'lie hammei'ed coinage was superseded by
the use of tiie mill and .screw. The English
hammered silver money was called in
during the reign of William ITT, and the
lianunered gold coins were declared to be
no longer current in 1732-1733. iSVr Milled
JToney.
Hams, also known as Boars' Feet, is the
common name for a variety of copper
coins, struck by the (iallie city of Nemausiis.
Tliey are of tlic siiajie of a ham, and
tli('ir exact use has not been determined.
Conf. the exhaustive treatise on tiiis subject,
by Goudard, Notiee siir Ic.i Medailles
(lites Picds- tie Sanglier, Toulouse, 1880-
1893.
Han. A Japanese w^ord meaning "one
lialf" and used as a prefix on coins, r.y.,
ilan Shu on the coins of the Lu Cliu islands.
Hana Furi Kin, or "Raining Flowers
Gold Coin."" Certain thin small oval Japanese
gold ])ieces were called iiy this name,
and were said to have been issued by II ideyoshi
for the invasion of Korea in 1592.
To this day the word liana is used for a
reward.
Handsel. Earnest money on a contract
;
a coi'rui)tion of "hand sale." See Earnest.
"Anciently, among all the Northern nations,
shaking of hands was held necessary
to bind the bargain; a custom which we
still retain in many verbal contracts. A
sale thus made was called hand sale, venditio
per niutiiam iiuniuuni vinnpJesionem
;
till in process of time the same word was
used to signify the price, or eaiMiest, which
was given immediately after the shaking
of hands, or instead thereof." Blackstone,
Commentaries (ii. 30).
Hanover Sovereign. A name given to
a brass medalet, dated 1S:!7, with a gallojiing
rider on the reverse, and the inscrij)-
tion TO H.\!si()VEi{ above. The mounted
figure is intended for the Duke of Cnmbei--
land, who was very unpopular in England,
and the motto signifies that his return to
Hanover would be desirable.
Hansatsu. Early Japanese paper currency.
See Kinsatsu.
Hantpennige. See Pfennig.
Hao. The Chinese name for the silver
fen-cent piece introtluced at Ilong Kong
under British rule, and later used on the
Kwang Tung silver coins. See Chiao.
Hape. A Scotch nickname for a half-
]ienny and common to lianarkshire.
Nicholson, in his Idi/lls. 1870 (106), lias:
"Dae ye want the Citeez |Citizen|?
Evenin' or Weekly? It's only a liajio.
"
Hapmy. See Half Penny.
Happeny. See Half I^enn.v.
Hard Head. A name given to a Scotch
billon coin first issued in the third coinage
of Mary (1555-1558). The term is a corruption
of the French Ilardit.
Some authorities refer to this piece under
the name of a Lion, from the lion
rampant, crowned, whicli it bears.
These coins, originally of the value of
one and one half Pence, were struck to
afford relief to the poor, who suffered much
loss on account of the lack of small change. Under James VI the value was raised to
two Pence, and indicated bj' two pellets.
The Hard Head was discontinued in the
reign of Charles 1.
Hardi, or Hardit. An Anglo-Gallic
silver and billon coin issued l)y Edward
111, King of England, and copied by the
French Kings as Dukes of Aquitaine. It
bears on the obverse a half-length figure
holding a sword.
The Hardi d'Or is a similar coin of gold.
Edward the Black Prince had them struck
at Bordeaux, and Charles de France, the
brother of King Louis XI, issued them for
Aciuitaine from 1469 to 1474.
The name is jirobably derived from a
small eopper coin issued by Philip le
Hardi, King of France, and later represented
by the Liard. Some authorities
claim that as its original value was one
fourth of the Sol, the name is a corruption
of the English word Farthing, corresjionding
to tlic one fourth of the Penny.
Hard Times Tokens. A popular name
for a series of eojjper tokens struck from
1834 to 1841, and bearing inscriptions referring
to the movement for and against
the r.aiik of the United States.
Harf. An Abj'ssinian money of accoinit.
»SVf Wakea and Kharf.
Harington. The popular name for the
copper Farthing issued in the reign of
James I. The term is derived from the
patentee, John, Lord Harington, of Exton.
He died in 1614, but the tokens continued
in circulation long afterward. See Farthing.
Harp. The colloquial name for the
Groat and lialf Gi'oat struck in 1536 and
later, by Henry VIII for Ireland, on account
of the figure of tiic harp on the reverse.
In coiitciiiporary documents there is
mention of 'red harpes, " being worth three
Snudkyns {q.v.). See also Numismatic
Chronicle (4th Series, xv. 192-229).
Harpe d'Or. See Davidstuiver.
Harps. The name given to a .series of
co])per tokens issued in Canada in 1820,
and later. Tliey bear on the obverse a
bust of George IV, and on the reverse a
large harp, and the date. They were so
])opular as currency that large luimbcrs of
brass countcrfcils were nuide.
Harry Groat. A popular name for the
Groat of Henry VIII of England (1509-
1547). Shackerly Marmion in his play
The AntiqiKirtj, 1633 (ii.), has the lines:
"A piece of antiquity; sir, 'tis English
coin; and if you will needs know, 'tis an
old Harry groat."'
Harry Sovereign. The designation sometimes
applied to the Sovereign of Henry
VII of England who first striick this coin
in 1489. J. Stephens, in his Sati/ricul Essrijjrs,
1615 (:)71), writes: "She hatli old
hari-y soveraignes ... to give away on her
death bed.
"
Harzgold Dukat. A gold coin of Brunswick
and ljiiiicl)ni'g struck liy the electors
in the eighteenth century and which receives
its name from the fact that the metal
was obtained from mines in the Ilarz
Mountains. iSVc Ansbeutemunzen.
Hashshah. Semicircular pieces of iron,
somewhat resembling the knives used by
leather-cutters, are current as money in
Koi-dofan and other African localities.
Hashtkani. See Nasfi.
Hassa. See Towcelah.
Hat Money. According to Wharton,
Law Lcricun, 1864, this was "a small duty
paid to the captain and mariners of a ship,
also called primage."
The custom appears to have been in force
in the seventeeuth century, for C. Molloj%
in a work De Jure Marilimo, 1676 (ii. 9,
§6), says: "Petty Averidge is another
small Duty which IMerchants pay to the
Master. . . . The F'rench Ships commonly
term the Gratuity Hat-money."
Hat Money. See Tampang.
Hatome Sen, or "Pigeon Eye" Sen. A
very small tliin coin used at one time in
the Lu Chu Islands. A linndnMl were
strung together and a string was worth
about ten Japanese Mon {q.v.).
Hat Piece. A Scottish gold coin issued
in 15;il to 1593, upon wiiich the King,
James \'I, is represented wearing a high
crowned hat.
On the reverse is a lion sejant, holding
a sceptre in his paw, above which, in a
cloud, are the Hebrew letters for Jehovah.
The legend is te. solvm. vereor., i.e.,
"Thee only do I fear." The weight is
seventy grains.
[ 10« ]
Haupenny Heller
It is claiiiiod that tins coin was issued
"for till' piirpiisc ol' liariiinniziiip; tho St'ottisli
cunviicy with the Enjilish, and lo
lesson tho iiiconvoiiioiico caiisod by their
disafri'oement.
"
It must iiave been eiinnterl'eited at a
very early period, as Piteairn, in his Criminal
Tri<i'ls of Scothnul, lo'Ji) (ii. 9t)), mentions
"False liat-jieieeis, pistulettis, and
eniwiiis.
""
Haupenny. Srr Hall' Penny.
Hausgroschen. A base silver eoin stniek
by Fi-etlerick the (li-eat. In eiinrse of time
it deterioi-ated in pni'ity to sueli an extent
that instead of the orii;inal value, one
twenty-fourth of a Thaler, it was tinally
worth only one forty-seeond of a Thaler.
It was succeeded bv the Hilbergroschen in
1821.
Hawpny. Srr Half Penny.
Hayaki. .Japanese paper currency of
the value of one half or one quarter Koban.
Src Kinsatsu.
Hazardinar. A !.;olil eoin of Persia
wliii'h the Enji'lish called Mildinar, and the
Russians Houble. It was introduced in the
second year of the reign of Nadir, i.e.,
1738, and had a value of one thousaiul
Dinars.
Head Silver. Wharton, in his Law Lexicon,
lS(j4, states that this was the name
given to "dues paid to lords of leets ; also
a fine of £40 which the sheriff of Northumberland
heretofore exacted of the inhabitants
twice in seven years." It was abolished
by a statute of 2:5 Henry VII e. 7.
Heads or Tails. A phrase used to decide
an.>- projiositioii by tossing a coin in
the air; the "head" representing the obverse,
and the "tail" correspoiuling to the
rever.se.
The custom dates back to ancient tinu^s,
the Komans using the term "heads or
ships." iMaerobiiis, a Latin grannnarian of
the fifth century, in his Saturnalia (i. 7),
has: Cum pueri denarius in sublime jactantes,
"capita aut navia," lusu teste vetustatis
exclamant.
In Ireland the expression "heads or
har|)s" was formerly common, the allusion
being to the harp on the reverse of the
half Pennies of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries.
[10
The phrase is common in many modern
languages. The French say a pile ou face;
the (ieniuins, Kopf oiler Flach ; the Scandinavians,
Krona eller Klafre; the S|)anish,
C(rra o Sella; the Italians, Croce o
Tesla, etc.
Hearth Money. See Chiimiey .Monej'.
Heaume, i.e., a helmet. A name ap-
]ilied to any coin on which the helmet is
a j)rominent feature. A silver Oros
Heaume was issued bv Charles \\ of
France (1380-1422), and Jean de Horn
(1485-1505) copied the type for Jjiege.
Louis de Male (1346-1384)," Count of Flanders,
struck the Ileaunu; d'Or, the obverse
of which shows two lions supi)orting a helnu'ted
shield under a (lothic dais. See
Hotdi'ager. The Helmi)fennige of the city
of Hanover issued in the seventei'iitli century
have similar designs.
Hebraer. See Ebriier.
Heckmiinzen, Heckpfennige, are terms
used by (iei'man numisniatisls to indicate
coins that are below the regular standard
as to size and fineness.
Hecte. A Greek coin, the one sixth of
the Stater {q.iK). It was sti'uck lioth in
gold aiul electrum. The electrum Ilecti'-s
of Phocaea and Mytilene are the commonest
and enjoyed a wide vogue in ancient
times, being known as 'iv.\on 'fwy.aiSsi;.
Heideri. The double Ruiiee of My.sore.
.SV(' Haidari.
Heilandsmiinzen. The iio|)ular name
for any coins bearing the figure of the
Savior. See Salvator.
Heitje. A slang term for the current
silver coin of twenty-five Cents i.ssued bv
the Netherlands.
Helbling. See Iliilbling.
Heliens. The name given to Deniers of
Perigord which bear the name of Count
Elie II (1006-1017). See Blanchet (i. 22).
Heller. Originally a .small silver coin
which takes its luuue from Ilall, in Wiirttemberg,
where it was originally i.ssued in
the earlv part of the thii'teenth centurv
Conf. Ilandelhellcr.
In the fifteenth century it degeiierated
to a base silver, ami later to a billon coin,
and was not only common thi'oughoiit
southern Germany, but was used extensivel,
v in Silesia, Ponnuerania, etc. At a somen wliat later period, the Heller became a copper
coin altogiether. Its value varied according:
to the locality. Eight Heller were
generallj' equal to a Kreuzer or two Heller
to a Pfennig.
It is still retained in Austria and in German
East Africa, being the one liundredtli
part of the Krone and the Rupie respeetivi'ly.
Hellier. An obsolete form of writing
Heller. See Poy.
Helmarc. A corruption of Halb Mark.
Du Caime cites it as a denomination used
as early as lOSO.
Helmpfennig. See Heaume.
Helsing is defined by Wharton, in his
Law Lexicon, 1864, as "a Saxon brass
coin, of the value of a half penny," but
it is doubtful what particular coin can be
intended.
Hemiassarion. The Greek name for the
halt' As. \'n]\h'ms, Historia (ii. 15).
Hemichalk. The half Chaleus (q.v.).
Hemichrysos is mentioned by Pollux.
It is the half Stater of gold and was most
commonly struck at Cyrene.
Hemidanake, the half of the Danake
iq.r.). The r);j.t?avay.Y5 or T]|).tBava/.'.&v is
mentioned by Hesychius and was a Persian
coin.
Hemidaric, or half Daric, principally a
money of account and so used in the wellknown
passage in the Anabasis of Xeno-
])h(>n (i. 3, 21), where lie speaks of the
Y;tj.i?ap£!y.a.
Hemidrachm. The half of the Drachm
(q.v.), and spoken of as tiie Triobol. It
was extensively coined in ancient times.
Hemihecte. The half of the Hecte
{q.v.) and i'i|ual to the 01)ol of gold, or
one twelfth of the Stater. In gold it was
coined principally at Cyrene; in electrnm
it appeared at many mints in Asia I\Iinor.
Hemilitrion. The half of the Litra
iq.i'.) of silver and fretiuently coined at
Lcontini, Entella, and Syracuse. Later the
Hemilitrion in bronze (commoidy known
liy its Latin name of Semis) apjieared at
iriaiiy minis in southern Italy and Sicily.
Hemiobol. The half of the Obol (q.v.)
aiul the one twelffli of the Draehm. The
commoni'st examples are those of Athens.
[1
Hemisium is (juoted by Du Cange as an
old form of the half As.
Hemistater. The half of the Stater
{q.v.) or the Ilcmi-chry.sos {q.v.). The
Tjixia-ia-ripcv is mentioned by Pollux and
Hesychius.
Hemitartemorion is the one eighth of
the Obol or the one forty-eighth of the
Drachm. Specimens in silver were struck
at Athens, other places coined their ecjuivalents
in bronze.
Hemitetarte. The one eighth of the
gold Stater {q.v.). A very rare denomination.
Henri d'Or. A French gold coin struck
hy Henri II in ]r)49, it lieing the first
coin of France with a date. The reverse
has the inscription dvm totvm compleat
ORBEM. Conf. Enrique.
Heptadrachm. The multiple of seven
Draciuns (t/.v.). Actual siiecimens are not
known.
HeptoboL The multiple of seven Obols
{q.v.). This term was often used in Egypt
in monetary accounts.
Heregeld. This word occurs as early as
the year 1018 in a charter of King Canute.
Cowel, in The Interpreter, ItiOT, states that
it "is a Tribute or Tax levyed for the
Maintenance of an Armv. " Conf. German
Ileer Geld.
Herescarius. A small coin mentioned in
a codex (if Fol(|uino.
Herrengroschen. The name usually
given to silver coins of the sixteenth century
bearing a figure of the Savior. The
word means "(iroschen of the Master."
Herring Silver. An old English term
implying a payment in money for the
custom of supplying herrings for the provision
of a religious institution.
Herzogsgroschen. The name applied in
general to any type of the Gros or double
Gros on which the principal feature is the
ducal figure. Examples exist for Diiren.
struck by William I de Jidiers (1357-
1361), and reading wHjHelm ditx-ivIjIACKSis
and moneta diirensi.
Hexadrachm. A Greek silver coin of
the value of six Drachms {q.v.). It was
rarely struck, though specimens from the
Cartiiaginiau mint ai'c known.
OS J
Hexas Hock Tuesday Money
Hexas. Tlie one sixth of the Litra
{(/.v.). Coins of tliis (k'nomination were
stniek in southern Italy and Sicily hoth in
silver and bronze. In bronze it eorresjjonds
to the Roman Sextans.
Hexastater. The denomination of six
Staters, better known as the l)o<lekadraehm
{<l.r.).
Hexobol. A multiple nl' the Obnl (q.r.)
struck ill bronze in Efrypt under the Ptolemies.
Heytnannchen. A nirknaiiie ;;iven to
certain Prussian JIarienj::roselieii struck in
Auricli in IKil. They were a temporary
money of necessity and were put forth by
a iiiiiit-war(h^n named lleymann.
Hibernias. A name given to the brass
half Pence struck at Limerick dnrin<r the
sie;;e of Kiill. These |)ieces were <;(Mierally
re-strnek on Gun-money Siiillinu;s and luive
on the reverse a seated tigure of llibernia
holding a harp.
Hieronymus d'Or. A gold coin of
Westjihalia of the value of five Thaler;
it obtains its name fi'om .Jerome Napoleon.
Higley Coppers. The name given to a
variety of thi-eepence sti-uck by John Higley
of (jranby, Connecticut, from which
circumstance these i)ieees are also referred
to as Granby Coi)j)ers. Higley was born
in 1673, and the coins are dated 1737 and
1739. There are a number of varieties, one
of which was discovered as recently as 1913
with a wheel on the reverse. For details
as to this pi'ivate coinage, ser Crosby,
and Worxlford, Ciirrriicii niul Hanking in
Connrrtiriif.
Hip. A slang name for the current silver
coin of fifty cents issued for the
Netherlands.
Hirschgulden. A name given to the
Gulden or two thirds Thaler of Wiirttemberg
which has a stag sui)pf)rting the armorial
bearings. The large silver coins of
Stdlberg which bear a stag standing against
a pillar ai-c known as IlirsehthahM-.
Hirtenpfennig. .\ niekiiaine given to a
uniface copper coin of Huchhorn. The armorial
bearings of this city are a beech
tree and a horn, and from the latter figure,
resembling a sheiiherd's horn, the name
was probably coined.
n
Histia'ika. A name given in ancient
tiiiK's {'l-j-'.xiv.d or 'laTtar/.ov ap-fupiov) to the
well-known Tetrobols of Ilistiaea in Eiil)(
H'a. See Ilomolle, Bull. curr. hell. (vol. vi.
1882, p. 133).
Hitarc Ffennige. The name given to a
type of small silver coins struck in the
Arclibishopi'ic of Cologne during the
twelfth century. They were principally
issued iiiidei- Arnold 11 von AVied (1151-
ll.')(l), and Reinald von Da.ssel (llo!)-
1 1(17 I, All of the coins have a church with
three spires on the reverse.
Ho. A .Ia])anese word meaning treasure.
The term is used in conjunction with
Tsu, i.e., currency, on coins, forming two
of the usual four characters on the obversi".
See Pao and Tsu and ronf. Miinro (j)]).
251, 264).
Hobby Horse, also known as Steckenreiter.
The name given to both a gold
and silver s((uare coin which the Imperial
Ambassador in Nureniburg ordered to be
struck in the year 1650, on the conclusion
of the Peace of Westphalia. lie was tendered
an ovation by the youths of the city,
who appeared in front of his residence
riding on hobby-horses This incident is
dei)icted on one side of the coin aiul the
reverse bears the inscri|ition vivat fiordi-
.X.^N'DVS III. ROM. IMP.
Hochmuths Thaler, also called Waser
Tluiler. A silver coin of Zurich struck in
lti6().
Hock Money. An olisolete English
t<'rm for the money collected by various
]iersons at Ilocktide. In the Churchwardens'
Aeeoiint.'i of St. Dunstan"s Church
in Canterbury, under the date 14S4-1485,
occurs the following entry: " Ress. by vs
the seyde \Vardeyiu!S of Ilockemoneye at
Ester ix. s. xd."
In other old records the word is variously
written Ilok Money, Hoke Money,
and Oke Money.
Hock Tuesday Money. Cowel, in The
/itlerpii li r. 1607. states that this was "a
duty given to the landloi'd, that his tenants
and bondmen might solenniize the day on
which the English coiupiered the Panes,
beini; the second Tuesday after Easter
week."
Hoedjesschelling. A variety of the
Selielliiifj- wliii'li receives its name from the
figure of a hood on a staff, the latter being
held in the claws of a lion rampant. It
was issued only for the Province of Zeeland,
and the coitiage originated in 1672
and extends to about 1720.
Ho Ei Sen. A large rouud Japanese
bronze coin made in 1707 at the value of
ten ordinary Sen and withdrawn two years
later desjiite the fact that the reverse inscription
reads "For the Everlasting Use
of the World."
Hog. The slang name for a Shilling.
R. Head, in his Canting Acadcnii/, IGT-i,
has "Shilling, Bord, or Hog''; Cruikshank
in Three Courses and Dessert (412), remarks,
"What's half a crown and a shilling?
A bull and a hog."
Hog Money. The popular name for a
series of coins issued for the Bermuda
Islands earl.y in the seventeenth century.
It is stated that in 1515 a Spanish vessel
commanded by Juan Bermudez, and containing
a cargo of hogs, was wrecked on
one of these islands, while on its way to
Culia. In 1609 George Somers was a])-
pointed Governor of the Colony of Virginia,
and on his voyage from England he
was cast away on the Bermudas, where he
found a large number of wild hogs. He
victualled a vessel with them, proceeding
later to Virginia. In the same year, 1609,
a charter was granted to the Bermuda
Company by James 1, and it is assumed
that frcim about 1616 to 1624 the first
coins consisting of copper shillings, si.xpences,
three-pences, and two-pences were
struck.
These pieces have on one side the figure
of a hog, with the inscription sommek
ISLANDS, and on the reverse a galleon. See
Niiiiiisniatic Chronicle, 1883 (p. 117), and
Crosby Cpp. 17, 18).
HohlblafFert. See Blaffert.
Hohlpfennige. A name given to certain
uniface coins rcs('inl)ling the Bi'acteatcs but
containing a smallci' jjcrccntage of silver.
Tliey were originally issued in tlie northci'n
portions of (iermany, Ponnnerania, P>randcnburg,
I\Ieckleid)urg, etc., and wei"e copied
in the Khine Provinces in the fiftecntli
century and received the name of Ijiibische
Pfeunige. The latter arc usually found
with a raised edge, by which they can
easily be distinguished from the Hohlpfennige.
Hohlringheller. A minute base silver
uniface coin of Aix-la-Chapelle, Aremberg,
etc., current in the latter part of the sixteenth
century. It bears a resemblance to
the IIohl])fennige {q.i\) but is of much
smaller niodide.
Hok Money,
Hock Monev.
Hoke Money. See
Holey Dollar, also called Ring Dollar.
In the ycai' 1S13 Governor Macijuarie of
New South Wales iirocured some £10,000
worth of Spanish Dollars from the centres
of which he had circular discs cut. Around
the edges of the perforation, which is
milled, the words new south wales, 1813,
were stamped, and on the reverse five shillings,
1813. This coin received the name
of the Holey Dollar. The circular central
piece was known as a Dumj) ; it was
countermarkcd with a crown and the value,
p^iFTEEN PENCE. The Ilolcy Dollar was
cui'rent until 1829. See NiiDiisniatic Chrunivlr
(Series iii. 3, pp. 119-120).
Homage Coins are such as indicate by
their inscriptions that homage or respect
is tendered to some ruler. They occur extensively
in the German series and are
known as Huldiguugs IMiinzen.
Homereus, or 'OiJii^ps'.ov. This name, as
we learn from Strabo (xiv. 1, 37), was
given to certain bronze coins struck at
Smyrna which bear the type of llcnner
seated. Illustrations of these coins will
be found in the Bi'itish Museum catalogue,
Ionia (Plate xxv. Nos. 15-17).
Hongre. An obsolete form of the Ongaro
or I'ngaro. Richai'd Hayes, in The
Neejociators' Magazine, 1740, mentions "a
Hongre at 151^ Livres, " current at Bergamo;
"an Hongre, or Hungarian Sequin,
of about 240 or 250 Aspers, " used in Constant
ino|)lc ; and "a Gold Hongre at 81/4
Mvics," rnrrcnt at Bologna.
Hook Money. Sec Larin.
Ho'penny. See Half Penny.
[110 1
Hoppers' Money Hybrid Coins
Hoppers' Money. A VHi-it'ty (if tokens
or tallies, made of lead, and jiaid to pickers
of ho])s in lieii of money. Tliey represented
the amount of bushels pieked and
were redeemed when the work was finislied.
Srr Spit,k (xx. 1:]872).
Ho Pu. The Cliincse name for certain
eoi)per coins issued by Wang Man{?, 7-14
A.I)., and meaninj;: exehanfjcable cloth
money.
Hori Tane Sen. The .lapaiiese name for
tlie oi'i5z:inal hand cut model for a coin,
from wliich carefully made impressions arc
made for other Hen. They are generally
cut in copper, silver or ivory. Sec Ilaha
Sen and Tane Sen.
Homgroschen. The nanu' given to a
series of silver coins issued by the Elector
Ernst of Saxony, jointly with his brother
Albrecht and his uncle Wilhelm (14()4-
1486). There are numerous varieties of
mint-marks for Leipzig, Colditz, Freiberg,
Zwickau, etc. Dated specimens exist as
early as 1465. See Frey (No. 109). There
are also Hornpfennige of the same design
for vario\is parts of Thuringia inchuling
the city of Erfurt. All of these coins obtain
their luimes from the shield on the
reverse which is surmounted by a helmet
with ox liorns.
Horse and Jockey. A nickname for the
Sovei-cign of (ieoi-ge III of England, which
has on the reverse St. George on horseback
in condiat with the Dragon.
Hosenband Thaler. A silver coin struck
in Dresden in 1678 to commemorate the
conferring of the Order of the Garter on
the Elector Johann George II of Saxony.
Hsien. A Chinese word used on the
Cantonese and Hong Kong coinage of the
one Cent denomination. The word is a
])lioneticism for the sound Cent.
Hsing Yeh. Sec ]jai Tsu.
Hua. The Chinese for "exchange."
The character is found on some of the ancient
coins and the word is used in the
sense of exchange for money.
Huan. A Chinese weight of six ounces
in which fines were paid. The word also
means a ring, and also a round coin in
which the field and the central hole is
cciual. Sec Pi and Yuan.
Huang Kai Tsu. See Kua Teng Ch'ien.
Hubertusthaler. A silver coin of the
Palatinate issued during the eighteenth
century, which bears a figure of St. Hubert,
the patron saint of huntsmen. lie is generally
represented as kneeling before a
stag.
Didte Gerhard \'I of Jiilicii founded the
Order of St. Ilubertus, and it was reorgani/.
ed by the Elector Palatine Johann
Wilhelm in 170!). A smaller coin, called
the Ilubei'tiisgroschen, was struck at Jliihlheim
in 1481^. Sic Frey (No. 2:53).
Hudson's Bay Tokens. A name given
to four varieties of brass tokens which
were issued about the year 1857 aiul used
by the Hudson's Pay Comjiany in its tradings
with the Indians. The largest of
these tokens is of the value of one beaver
skin, and the others are fractions of one
half, one (luarter, and one eighth. See
Breton (926-92!)).
Huitain. A name given to the one
eighth Thaler of Geneva issued in 1624 and
later.
Huitieme d'Ecu. Sec Qnai't d'Ecu.
Huldigungs Miinzen. Sec Homage
Coi)is.
Hun. The Hinilnstani name for the
Pagoda iq.v.).
Hunting Dollar. See Jagdthaler.
Huo. A Chinese term for money. It
is composed of the characters Ilua "exchange"
and Pei "Cowries" {q.v.).
Hussthaler. A general name for all
coins of Thaler size whicii bear a portrait
of .lohaini IIuss. They are of a medallic
luiturc and are supjiosed to have been
struck in 1515, a centui-y after the Reformer
met his death, but were actually
made at a latci- period.
Hvid. A silver coin current in Dennuirk,
Oldenburg, East Friesland, etc.,
early in the sixteenth centnr.\-. Its value
was four silver Pfennige. The name may
be a contraction of Korsvide {q.v.).
Hybrid Coins. A nanu- given to such
coins as have an obverse belonging to one
type and a reverse belonging to another.
See Mule.
[Ill]