labus. Another name for the Deunx
(f/.v.).
Ibramee. A money of account of Cutch
anil Kathiawar, and computed at eighteen
Koris iq.v.).
Ichi Bu. Srr Bn.
Icossadrachmon. The common name for
tlie gold coin of twenty Drachmai struck
in Greece in 1843 by Otto I, and continued
by his siieeessor George I.
Idra, meaning a hydra, was the name
given to the Testone of Hercuk^s I, Duke
of Ferrara (1-1:71-1505), which bears the
figure of this fabled monster on the reverse.
lesimok. In 1798 there was a project
in Russia to make Ecus, i.e., lesimki, of
54-^ Stuivers, to be used for foreign trade.
Only a few essays, however, were struck,
and the lesimok, as this silver piece is
called, is very rare. See Chaiidoir (i. 173).
Ikilik, or Ekilik. A silver coin of the
Ottoman Empire of the value of two Piastres
or eighty Paras. Its weight varies
from 3D0 to 480 grains. The name is
derived from iki, i.e., two.
The issues for Tunis, which appeared
under Mahmud I (A.M. 1143-1168), are of
billon, and valued at onlv two Paras. Sec
P^onrobert (5316).
Ilahi. A gold coin of Akbar, Emperor
of Ilintlustan, of the value of twelve Rupees.
See Sihansah.
Imami. A name given to the silver
Iiu|)ee of Mysore by Tipu Sultan, in 1786,
when he adopted his new system of reckoning,
based on the Midudi, i.e., dating
from the birtii of the Prophet. The name
was given in lionor of the twelve Imams.
Imbasing of Money. Ilale, in Picas of
the Crown (i. 102), states that this consists
of "mixing the species with an alloy
below the standard of sterling."
Sir Thomas More in his Vtopin. 1551,
uses the phrase " Enhauncynge aiul imbasyng
of coyne." See Debased and Kmbase.
[11
Imbiamcate. An Italian expression usually
ajiplied to such of the Roman bronze
coins of the later Empire as were coated
with tin to give them the appearance of
silver.
Immune Columbia. A copper experimental
issue belonging to the colonial series
of the United States. They are dated 1785
and 1786, and some varieties have the reverse
of the Nova Tonstellatio (q.v.).
Imperial. A Russian gold coin, first
struck under Elizabeth in 1745, of the
value of ten Rubles. S'uce 1817 oidy half
Imperials are coined but they i-etain the
name of Imperial. These are worth five
Rubles in gold or five Rubles and 15 Kopecks
in silver.
Imperial Ducat. A former gold coin of
Russia of the value of three and one tenth
Rubles. These Russian Ducats appear in
the coinage earlj' in the seventeenth century
and their issue ends in the reign of
Paiil (1796-1801).
Imperiale. Frederick II, Viscount of
Milan, sti'uck a silver coin of this name
in I'I'IFi on the occasion of the marriage of
his son Henrv. The Danaro of Azzone
Visconti (1329-1339) is also so called; it
has the inscription mediolanvm in three
lines. Barnabo ^'isconti (1354-1385) struck
the Imperiale Nuovo with imi'I'IriaIjIS.
The value of these coins gradually declined
owing to the impurity of tlie metal
and in 1410 the pieces were only worth
one half of the early issues.
Impression. The entire design on both
the obverse and revei\se of a coin. The
word is also used to denote a reproduction
of a coin in paper, wax, plaster, etc.
Inchquin Money. A series of necessity
Hione.\- issued in 1642 by Lord InclKpiin,
\' ice-president of Munster.
They consist of the Pistole aiul doidile-
Pistole in gold, ami Crowns, half-Crowns,
Shillings, nine Pence, six Pence, Groats,
and three Pence in silver. See British
NumisiiKilir Joiiniiil (ii. 333-341).
-]
Incuse Coins Irmilik
Incuse Coins. A iiaiiu- ^iveii to siu-h
coins as |)res('iit tlieir obverse or reverse
t.vi)es in intaglio. On early Greek eoiiis the
desifrn often ai)i)ears raised on one side,
while on the otlier side it is sunk.oi' its place
taken hy a more or less crude punch. The
efirly incuse coins of Magna (iraecia usually
present the obverse tyi)e in intaglio on the
reverse. The same is the case with certain
mis-strikes of a later period where a similar
ert'ect luis been produced, because the coin,
ill the hurry of striking, has remained in
the tile and has then left its own impress on
the succci'diiig blank or ttan.
Indian Head Cent. The jiopular name
for the small cent introduced in the United
States coinage in 1858 and struck until
1909. Tlie earlier issues were in nickel,
and in 1863 bronze was substituted.
Indio. A silver Portuguese coin of the
value of thirty-three Reis, issued in the
latter jiart of the fifteenth century. Sec
Fernandes (p. 116).
Infortiati. A term meaning "to strengthen,"
and applied in a general way to
coins of a thick and heavy fabric to distinguish
them from those of a lighter and
thinner type.
It is used specially for the Deiiaro of
Lueea, current in the twelfth century, to
avoid the confusing of this coin with the
Denaro Nuovo of the same period. The
latter was of thinner fabric and was also
known as the Ijucchese Nuovo.
Ingot. An amorphous ma.ss of gold, silver,
or other metal cast in a mold and
stamped with some device to pass for currency.
Silver ingots are known of the
(ireek ])eriod and both gold and silver of
the Roman lOmpire. Copper ingots occur
ill the inoney of Java, silver ones in .Jai)an,
etc.
The name has been recognized since the
sixteenth century, for Stanyhurst, in his
tran.slation of Virgil's ^J^neid, 1583 (i.),
says, "he |)oincted, where the vnknowne
ingots of gonld and siluer abounded."
Ingot Money. See Yuan Pao, Shoe and
Syccc.
Inpierans Golt is gold with a considerable
anioiint of alloy. It is referred to
in archives of P'rankfort a.M. of 1430.
See Paul .Iose|)li (p. 172).
[1
Inscription. The letters or words written
across the field of a coin, or upon any
figure in the device. Sec Legend.
Inspection Note. A peculiar currency
of jiaper, founded upon tobacco valuations.
It was introduced in the Province
of Maryland in 1763, and still existed to
a limited extent at tiie beginning of the
nineteenth century. The system was akin
to and based ujioii that which had existed
for some years previou.sly in Virginia,
where it bore the name, yet more expressive,
of Tobacco Notes. The staple was
placed by the producer or owner in the
public warehouses for his county, was duly
inspected and branded by the proper officer,
who gave for it a reccijit, s]iecifyiiig
the (piality and cpiantity of the deposit
;
this receipt, or, as it was called. Inspection
Note, was a legal tender for all purposes
in the county wherein it was issued, and
the holders possessed the right of olitaining
at any time from the storehouses the
amount of tobacco which the face of the
note called for. This currency suiierseded
that of the staple, which was then declared
no longer to be a legal tender.
Interimsthaler. The name given to a
satirical silver coin struck at iMagdeburg
in 1550 and 1551, during the temporary
declarations of peace between the contesting
Protestant and Roman Catholic factions.
It has on one side the baptism of the
Savior, and on the reverse tiie figures of
Christ and a triple-headed monster. One
head is that of an angel, the second bears
the Pajial tiara, and the third a fool's cap.
Ionian League. Scr League Coinage.
Iriden. Src Regenbogenschiissel.
Irlandes d'Argent. Ruding (i. '278)
states that at the Parliament at Droglieda
in 1460 it was enacted that "a propiM- coin
separate from the coin of England, was
with more conveuieiice agreed to be had in
Ireland," and among the jiroposcd coins
was one "of half <|narter of an ounce troy
weight, on which shall be imprinted on
one side a lion, and on the otlier side a
crown, called an Irlandes d'Argent. to
pass for the value of one ]ienny sterling."
Irmilik. See Medjidie.
Iron Coins. There is a tradition that
Lycurgus banished urokl and silver from
Sparta, and compelled the Lacedaemonians
to use small iron bars as money, and proclaimed
it to be the only legal tender.
These bars or spits received the name of
d.is/.iuxo'..
At Tegea, Argos, and perhaps Heraea,
iron was used in tlie fourth century B.C.,
and their types are similar to tliose of the
silver coins of the same localities.
Iron money was employed in China
during the Liang dynasty, A.D. 502-556,
but was discarded in the latter year when
the Teh 'en dynasty came into power. An
iron four Mon piece was issued in Japan
in 1863, and iron coins were also struck
by the feudal lords (Daimios) of Japan
for exclusive use in tlieir own dominions.
According to Schroeder (p. 47) iron
coins were issued for Auuam as early as
A.D. 401.
The most recent coinages in iron are the
German five and ten Pfennig pieces issued
in 1915 on account of the scarcity of copper.
See Kriegsfiinfer.
Isabelina. The luime given to the gold
coins of Isabella II of Spain.
Isabella. The jiopular name for the
gold coin of 100 Reales struck by Queen
Isabella II of Spain pursuant to an act
of June 26. 1864.
Isabella Quarter. The jiopular name for
a (juarter Dollar of the United States, issued
only in 1893. It bears on the obverse
a bust of Isabella, Queen of Spain, who
gave assistance to Columbus.
Isargold Dukat. A gold coin of Bavaria
issued in 1830 and which receives its name
from the fact that the metal was obtained
from washings in the river Isar. See Ausbeutemiinzen.
Itzi Bu. See Bu.
(f/.v.).
Ibramee. A money of account of Cutch
anil Kathiawar, and computed at eighteen
Koris iq.v.).
Ichi Bu. Srr Bn.
Icossadrachmon. The common name for
tlie gold coin of twenty Drachmai struck
in Greece in 1843 by Otto I, and continued
by his siieeessor George I.
Idra, meaning a hydra, was the name
given to the Testone of Hercuk^s I, Duke
of Ferrara (1-1:71-1505), which bears the
figure of this fabled monster on the reverse.
lesimok. In 1798 there was a project
in Russia to make Ecus, i.e., lesimki, of
54-^ Stuivers, to be used for foreign trade.
Only a few essays, however, were struck,
and the lesimok, as this silver piece is
called, is very rare. See Chaiidoir (i. 173).
Ikilik, or Ekilik. A silver coin of the
Ottoman Empire of the value of two Piastres
or eighty Paras. Its weight varies
from 3D0 to 480 grains. The name is
derived from iki, i.e., two.
The issues for Tunis, which appeared
under Mahmud I (A.M. 1143-1168), are of
billon, and valued at onlv two Paras. Sec
P^onrobert (5316).
Ilahi. A gold coin of Akbar, Emperor
of Ilintlustan, of the value of twelve Rupees.
See Sihansah.
Imami. A name given to the silver
Iiu|)ee of Mysore by Tipu Sultan, in 1786,
when he adopted his new system of reckoning,
based on the Midudi, i.e., dating
from the birtii of the Prophet. The name
was given in lionor of the twelve Imams.
Imbasing of Money. Ilale, in Picas of
the Crown (i. 102), states that this consists
of "mixing the species with an alloy
below the standard of sterling."
Sir Thomas More in his Vtopin. 1551,
uses the phrase " Enhauncynge aiul imbasyng
of coyne." See Debased and Kmbase.
[11
Imbiamcate. An Italian expression usually
ajiplied to such of the Roman bronze
coins of the later Empire as were coated
with tin to give them the appearance of
silver.
Immune Columbia. A copper experimental
issue belonging to the colonial series
of the United States. They are dated 1785
and 1786, and some varieties have the reverse
of the Nova Tonstellatio (q.v.).
Imperial. A Russian gold coin, first
struck under Elizabeth in 1745, of the
value of ten Rubles. S'uce 1817 oidy half
Imperials are coined but they i-etain the
name of Imperial. These are worth five
Rubles in gold or five Rubles and 15 Kopecks
in silver.
Imperial Ducat. A former gold coin of
Russia of the value of three and one tenth
Rubles. These Russian Ducats appear in
the coinage earlj' in the seventeenth century
and their issue ends in the reign of
Paiil (1796-1801).
Imperiale. Frederick II, Viscount of
Milan, sti'uck a silver coin of this name
in I'I'IFi on the occasion of the marriage of
his son Henrv. The Danaro of Azzone
Visconti (1329-1339) is also so called; it
has the inscription mediolanvm in three
lines. Barnabo ^'isconti (1354-1385) struck
the Imperiale Nuovo with imi'I'IriaIjIS.
The value of these coins gradually declined
owing to the impurity of tlie metal
and in 1410 the pieces were only worth
one half of the early issues.
Impression. The entire design on both
the obverse and revei\se of a coin. The
word is also used to denote a reproduction
of a coin in paper, wax, plaster, etc.
Inchquin Money. A series of necessity
Hione.\- issued in 1642 by Lord InclKpiin,
\' ice-president of Munster.
They consist of the Pistole aiul doidile-
Pistole in gold, ami Crowns, half-Crowns,
Shillings, nine Pence, six Pence, Groats,
and three Pence in silver. See British
NumisiiKilir Joiiniiil (ii. 333-341).
-]
Incuse Coins Irmilik
Incuse Coins. A iiaiiu- ^iveii to siu-h
coins as |)res('iit tlieir obverse or reverse
t.vi)es in intaglio. On early Greek eoiiis the
desifrn often ai)i)ears raised on one side,
while on the otlier side it is sunk.oi' its place
taken hy a more or less crude punch. The
efirly incuse coins of Magna (iraecia usually
present the obverse tyi)e in intaglio on the
reverse. The same is the case with certain
mis-strikes of a later period where a similar
ert'ect luis been produced, because the coin,
ill the hurry of striking, has remained in
the tile and has then left its own impress on
the succci'diiig blank or ttan.
Indian Head Cent. The jiopular name
for the small cent introduced in the United
States coinage in 1858 and struck until
1909. Tlie earlier issues were in nickel,
and in 1863 bronze was substituted.
Indio. A silver Portuguese coin of the
value of thirty-three Reis, issued in the
latter jiart of the fifteenth century. Sec
Fernandes (p. 116).
Infortiati. A term meaning "to strengthen,"
and applied in a general way to
coins of a thick and heavy fabric to distinguish
them from those of a lighter and
thinner type.
It is used specially for the Deiiaro of
Lueea, current in the twelfth century, to
avoid the confusing of this coin with the
Denaro Nuovo of the same period. The
latter was of thinner fabric and was also
known as the Ijucchese Nuovo.
Ingot. An amorphous ma.ss of gold, silver,
or other metal cast in a mold and
stamped with some device to pass for currency.
Silver ingots are known of the
(ireek ])eriod and both gold and silver of
the Roman lOmpire. Copper ingots occur
ill the inoney of Java, silver ones in .Jai)an,
etc.
The name has been recognized since the
sixteenth century, for Stanyhurst, in his
tran.slation of Virgil's ^J^neid, 1583 (i.),
says, "he |)oincted, where the vnknowne
ingots of gonld and siluer abounded."
Ingot Money. See Yuan Pao, Shoe and
Syccc.
Inpierans Golt is gold with a considerable
anioiint of alloy. It is referred to
in archives of P'rankfort a.M. of 1430.
See Paul .Iose|)li (p. 172).
[1
Inscription. The letters or words written
across the field of a coin, or upon any
figure in the device. Sec Legend.
Inspection Note. A peculiar currency
of jiaper, founded upon tobacco valuations.
It was introduced in the Province
of Maryland in 1763, and still existed to
a limited extent at tiie beginning of the
nineteenth century. The system was akin
to and based ujioii that which had existed
for some years previou.sly in Virginia,
where it bore the name, yet more expressive,
of Tobacco Notes. The staple was
placed by the producer or owner in the
public warehouses for his county, was duly
inspected and branded by the proper officer,
who gave for it a reccijit, s]iecifyiiig
the (piality and cpiantity of the deposit
;
this receipt, or, as it was called. Inspection
Note, was a legal tender for all purposes
in the county wherein it was issued, and
the holders possessed the right of olitaining
at any time from the storehouses the
amount of tobacco which the face of the
note called for. This currency suiierseded
that of the staple, which was then declared
no longer to be a legal tender.
Interimsthaler. The name given to a
satirical silver coin struck at iMagdeburg
in 1550 and 1551, during the temporary
declarations of peace between the contesting
Protestant and Roman Catholic factions.
It has on one side the baptism of the
Savior, and on the reverse tiie figures of
Christ and a triple-headed monster. One
head is that of an angel, the second bears
the Pajial tiara, and the third a fool's cap.
Ionian League. Scr League Coinage.
Iriden. Src Regenbogenschiissel.
Irlandes d'Argent. Ruding (i. '278)
states that at the Parliament at Droglieda
in 1460 it was enacted that "a propiM- coin
separate from the coin of England, was
with more conveuieiice agreed to be had in
Ireland," and among the jiroposcd coins
was one "of half <|narter of an ounce troy
weight, on which shall be imprinted on
one side a lion, and on the otlier side a
crown, called an Irlandes d'Argent. to
pass for the value of one ]ienny sterling."
Irmilik. See Medjidie.
Iron Coins. There is a tradition that
Lycurgus banished urokl and silver from
Sparta, and compelled the Lacedaemonians
to use small iron bars as money, and proclaimed
it to be the only legal tender.
These bars or spits received the name of
d.is/.iuxo'..
At Tegea, Argos, and perhaps Heraea,
iron was used in tlie fourth century B.C.,
and their types are similar to tliose of the
silver coins of the same localities.
Iron money was employed in China
during the Liang dynasty, A.D. 502-556,
but was discarded in the latter year when
the Teh 'en dynasty came into power. An
iron four Mon piece was issued in Japan
in 1863, and iron coins were also struck
by the feudal lords (Daimios) of Japan
for exclusive use in tlieir own dominions.
According to Schroeder (p. 47) iron
coins were issued for Auuam as early as
A.D. 401.
The most recent coinages in iron are the
German five and ten Pfennig pieces issued
in 1915 on account of the scarcity of copper.
See Kriegsfiinfer.
Isabelina. The luime given to the gold
coins of Isabella II of Spain.
Isabella. The jiopular name for the
gold coin of 100 Reales struck by Queen
Isabella II of Spain pursuant to an act
of June 26. 1864.
Isabella Quarter. The jiopular name for
a (juarter Dollar of the United States, issued
only in 1893. It bears on the obverse
a bust of Isabella, Queen of Spain, who
gave assistance to Columbus.
Isargold Dukat. A gold coin of Bavaria
issued in 1830 and which receives its name
from the fact that the metal was obtained
from washings in the river Isar. See Ausbeutemiinzen.
Itzi Bu. See Bu.