Kabean. The name given to a form of
money used in Tenasserim, a former province
of Siam and later of Burma. Tlie
coins consist of a mixture of lead and tin.
R. C. Temple, in the Indiini Antiquarij,
VMYl (p. 51), states that 40 Kabean are
equal to one Madras Rupee, and 88 are
equal to a Spanish Dollar. 8ee Ganza.
Kabir, also variously kuown as Caveer,
Kaliukt, and Rnckseha. An Arabian
money of account computed at one eightieth
of the Piastre. It was formerly extensivelv
emploved at Mocha. See Noback
(pp. 67S-67fl).
"
Kaczen Gulden. See Katzen Gulden.
Kasperlein. See Kasperle.
Kagami Sen, or "Mirror" Sen. The
Jai)auese name for a form of counter resembling'
the old ronnd Sen, but heavier
and flat on one side. The designs on these
are largely floral. Another name was Ana
Ichi Sen.
Kahan. See Cawne.
Kahapana. See Pana.
Kaird Turner. An obsolete Scotch term
for a small base coin made by tinkers.
Caird or Kaird means a tinker, and the
name is common to Aberdeenshire.
Spalding, History of Scotland, 1792 (i.
197), says: "The Kaird turners [were]
. . . discharged, as false cninzes.
"
Kairien. A name given to certain base
gdld coins of Egypt. The Kairie Hashireh
was valued at ten Piastres and the Kairie
Ilashreen at twentv Piastres. Thev were
introduced A. II. I'i;j5 or A.I). 18;19."
Kaisar. A proclamation of Elizabeth, of
October 9, l.^On, states "that the crowns
named I?urguiidians, Kaisars, or French
Crowns, then cui-rent at six shillings and
f((ur pence, should go for six shillings and
no more." .SVr Ruding (i. :5:!S). The reference
is probably to the lirabantine Zonnekroon,
struck in 1544 ((/.v.).
[1
Kaisergroschen. A common name for
the silver pieces of three Kreuzer, struck
in Austria, Silesia, etc. They bore on the
obverse the bust of the Emjieror and were
computed at thirty to the Reichsthaler, or
twenty to the Gulden.
Kaiserthaler. See Dreikaiserthaler.
Kakini. Another name for the Voclri
(q.r.).
Kala. A silver coin of India and equal
to one sixteenth of a Rupee. See Sihansah.
Kalenderthaler. A silver Sendo issued
by I'lipe Gregory XIII to commemorate
the imi)rovemcnt in the calendar. It bears
the insci'ipti((n .\nno restitvto mdlxxxh.
Kaltis. An early Indian coin mentioned
by the Greeks. Cunningham (p. 2) says,
"the Kaltis I take to be a gold Hun of
the weight of a Kalutti seed, about fifty
grains. '
'
Kammerherrenthaler. This word signifies
a Chamberlain, and the name is given
to the Prussian Thaler of Frederick William
III, struck in 1816, on which the inscription
reads k. v. preuss. instead of
KOENiG VON PREUSSEN. A Chamberlain
named von Preuss was at the royal court
in that year.
Kampei Taiho. Sec Jiu Ni Zene.
Kamsa. An early Ceylon copper coin
which is frequently referred to by Sinhalese
writers. See Davids (sec. 12).
Kangtang. The name given to a variety
of the Chinese temple money, struck about
the sixteenth century.
IMillies (p. 38) states that this money
was coi)ied in Java and received the name
of Ketcng, and Netcher gives it a valuation
of one fifth of the Gobog (q.v.).
Kani. See Tankah.
Kanna Drick. A token struck both oval
and octagonal and issued for the miners
of Trollliiittan (i.e.. the "Cap of the
Witch") in West Gothland. The Kanna
is a Swedish licpiid measure and the token
was presumably exchangeable for a quantity
of some beverage.
18]
Kantem Katzen Gulden
Kantem. A eoppei- vinn ol' IJii!-.';!!'!;!.
See Stotiiika.
Kapang. Scr Kepeiifr.
Karkadona, Greek, Kapy.aSova. According'
t(i Suidas, tliis was another name for
the Danakr nv Charon's Ohol {q.v.).
Karl d'Or. ^Ve Carl d'Or.
KarKno. See Carlino.
Kar-ma-nga. A Tibetan cciin of the
value III' two Annas. See Taii^-ka.
Karolin. A <?old coin somewliat hirjrer
tlian the Dueat, introduced in 17:!"2 by
Karl Piiilip, Elector of the Palatinate, and
co])ied in Bavaria, Wiirttembertj, Baden,
Hessen, etc. Src Carolin.
Karolus Gulden. See Carolns.
Karsha, or Karshapana. The name nf
both a silver and a cop]ier denomination
in the eoinafie of ancient India. Sec Pana.
Kas. A copi)er coin issued by Denmark
from the reign of Christian V {*167()-l(i99)
to 184"), f(n- Tran(iuebar. It was similar
to the Caclie (q.v.), issued by France for
its colonial po.ssessions.
Tliei'c are nndtiples of two, four, and
ten Kas j)ieces, and many minor varieties,
for a full account of which see Bergsoe,
Trunkflxir-Monter, 1895 (passim).
Kas, or Kash. A small copper coin of
.Southern India, corresjionding to tiie Cache
and the Kasu (q.v.). The Dutch and
Danes .struck it in midtiples as higli as fifty
Kaslias for their po.ssessions. See Faluce.
Kasbegi, also named Pid, and Qaz. A
coiiper coin of Persia of the Sufi or Safi
d\'nastv, and valued at one fourth of a
P.i.sti.
The name Kasbegi is not inscribed on
these coins, but instead of this occurs the
Arabic word Falus, the plural of Fels,
which is siip]iosed to be a corruption of
the Latin Follis, just as the Persian denomination
of Pid, applied to the same species
of coin, seems to be derived from
Obolus.
Under Nasir al din (A.II. 1264-1:314) the
Kasbegi was made the one tenth of the
Sliaiit, and ecpial to the Turkish Para. Srr
Fonrobert (4805 et seq.).
Kasperle. An Austrian nickname for
the cue fourth Brabanter Thaler or Kio-
[ 1
nen Thaler, because it represented the price
of admission to tlie Kasperle Theater, a
kind of "Punch and Judy" show, jiopidar
in Vienna. The Swiss use Chasperli as an
equivalent.
llebel. in his Ah iiKiiinischr (Irdichtr (iii.
142, 149, etc.), mentions "Ein Kiisperlein."
Kassenmannchen. A nii-knanie used in
Westphalia and the l-ihine Provinces for
the Prussian piece of two and one half
Silbei'gi-oschen.
The small bust would acc(i\int Utr the
derivatiitn of "Miinnchen," and the first
part of the name is ]irobal)ly due to the
fact that the majority of the coins were
used to liquidate small payments in the
state treasury. See Driittainer.
Kassenthaler. See Ca.ssa Thaler.
Kasu. A Kanarese woi-d called by Europeans
"cash." This (U'nomiuation is applied
to the small cojjper issues of Travancore,
sixteen of them being ecpud to a
Chuckram. On the modern coinage the
word is written in English "Cash."
In the Mysore coinage under Kri.shna
Raja Udaiyar (1799-1868) the word Kasu
followed by a numeral is frequently met
with ; similarly, in the coinage of Madras,
the Fels is divided into twenty Kas, the
latter word being another form of Kasu.
See Pagoda, and conf. Elliot (p. 59).
Kateryn. An obsolete form of writing
Quatti'ino (q.v.).
Katharineng^oschen. The name given
to certain silver coins issued by Katharina,
the widow of F'rederick, Margrave of Meissen
(deceased 1428), as guardian and
trustee for her sons Frederick II and William
III. They have in the inscrijjtion the
three initials, K.F.W.
Katib. Sec Kutb.
Kattersinken. A name which occurs in
Adam Berg's New Miinzbueh, 1597, to designate
small base silver Bohemian coins of
the sixteenth century. He states that six
were ecpial to a Kreuzer l)ut does not give
the etymology of the term.
Katzen Gulden. A gold coin referred
to in archives of Frankfort a.l\I. of 1430,
but wliich has not been identified. It is
sometimes written Kaczen (iidden. See
Paul Jo.seph (pp. 91, 172).
lit]
Katzengulden. A nickname fiiven to the
early silver coins of Ueborlinjien in tlie
Dnchy of Snabia. The armorial bearings
consist of a silver lion on a red field, and
this desig:n when figured on the coinage
resembled a cat. A mint was established
lii'ri> (luring the thirteenth eentnry.
Kazmi. A name given to the one sixteenth
Rupee or silvei- half Fanam of
Mysore, by Tipn Sultan, in 1786, when he
adopted his new system of reckoning, based
on the Mnhidi, i.e., dating from the birtli
of the Pro])het. The coin is so called after
Musa Kazim, the seventh Imam.
Kebar. Abyssinian iu-ads nsed for
money. Sec Kharf.
Kedjer. A Javanese money of account
of the value of one sixteenth Real. See
Pitje.
Kehlpfennig, or Kelpenning, are terms
frequently found in the luimismatic archiv(>
s of Brandenburg during the Middle
Ages. It has not been determined what
varieties of coins are referred to bj- this
name, but it is as.snmed that they are Bracteates
or Hohlpfennige (q.v.). Conf. also
Okelpenning and see Zeitschrift fiir NuiiilsiiKilik.
V.K)8 (196).
Keiat. Tlie name given to the silver
Rupee with the figure of a peacock, struck
for Burma in 1852. There are divisions
of halves, quarters, eighths, and sixteenths.
Keizerskroon. See Zonnekroon.
Kelchthaler. A silver coin of Zurich,
struck in l.)'2(\. The name means "Chalice
Thaler," and it is bestowed on this piece
because the metal used in its composition
was furnished by the churches.
Kelpenning. See Kehl|)fcnnig.
Kenderi. The Dutch ecpiivalent of Candarcen
(q.i'.). The Kenderi Perak is a silver
coin of the Malay Peninsula. See
Pitje,
Kengen Taiho. See Jiu Ni Zene.
Kentel. Another name for the Gobog
(r/.r.), a variety of the temjile money of
Java.
Kentucky Cent. This coin is so called
brcausc the Icltc'i' K is Oil the uppermost
of the ]iryaiiiid of stars. The token was
probably struck in Kugland after June 1,
17!)2, the date nl' this State's admi.ssion to
the Union.
[1
Kepeng, Keping, Kapang, or Kupang.
The name of a copper coin used throughout
the Malay States, and reckoned at the
four hundredth part of a Spanish Dollar.
The word is of Malay origin and means a
bit or piece. See Netscher and v.d. Chijs
ipfissini) and Pitje (infm).
Keration. Another name for the Siliqua,
which see.
Kerma, Greek, K£p|j.a, dimin. Kepij.a-iov,
was used to designate any monetary fraction,
a very small coin.
Kersa. A name (Kepaa, Kepaaiov,
Kopatov) found in Hesychius to designate
an Asiatic coin.
Keser. A Turkish money of account.
See P.cutel.
Kesitah. A Hebrew word meaning a
lamb; it is translated as "a piece of
money, '
' due probably to the fact that the
weight was made in that form. See Job
(xlii. 11), Genesis (xxxiii. 19), and Joshua
(xxiv. 32).
Kesme. The name formerh' given to the
S])aiiisii Dollar or Piastre at Nubia, Kordofan,
etc. The money of account is based
on the ounce of gold which was valued at
sixteen Spanish Dollars, called Puma or
Wokye. Half that amount was Nosf-
Wok.\e, and the quarter, or four Dollars,
was known as a Miscal (q.v.). The names
were retained in accounts, although the
actual value of an ounce of gold frequently
exceeded sixteen Piastres. See Noback (p.
761).
Keteng. See Kangtang and Gobog.
Ketip. The Malay and Javanese name
for the current silver ten Cent piece of the
Netherlands.
Kha-Kang. A Tibetan coin of the value
of one Anna. See Tang-ka.
Khap-chhe. A Tibetan coin of the
value of half an Anna. See Tang-ka.
Kharf. A string of beads, used as money
ill some jiarts of Abyssinia. This currency
is described in detail by A. Thomson D'
Abbadic, ill the Numiswafic Chronicle
(vol. ii. 18:ii)-lS40). He states that the
string consists of 120 beads, called Kharaz;
three of the i)eatls form a Kebar. and forty
Keliar a Kharf. The Kharaz are carried
in bags, or tied up in the corner of a cloth.
They are marked by a little dark brown
20]
Kharrubeh Kinsatsu
riiiji' ami vary in lliii-kncss I'l-diu four to
soveu iiiilliinctrcs.
Kharrubeh. 'I'lic firairi of the kliarnib
tro<> ciiiials (iiic t\v('iit\'-fourtli Mitlikal, or
one t'ijrlili't'iith Dirlicni (or one sixteenth)
eijnals .'! <rraiiis of eoi'ii | namely, as tlie
Dinar is to the Dirheni, i.r., 10 : 7 : : 24 :
16* ;;]. As a eoin, a subdivision of tlie
Bezant of Cyprus; and a small gold coin
struck on Lentil (Holy) Thursday e(|nal
to one twentieth Dinar.
Kharub, oi- Caroub. Originally a billon
coin of 'I'nnis of the value of half an Asjier.
Under Abd-el-Jledscliid, i.r.. after 18:}9, it
was struck in eo|i|)er, but iv^tained the same
value.
Khizri, or Kizri. A name piiven to the
one thirty-second Rupee, or silver half
Anna of Mysore, by Tipu Sultan, in 17S6,
vvlien he adopted his new system of reckoning:,
based on the JMuhidi, i.e., dating
from the birth of the Prophet. The coin
is so called after Khwaja Khizr, a prophet.
Khodabandi. Scf Mahmudi.
Khori. A billon coin of Armenia. It
is evidentlj' a variety of the Tram {q.^>.),
but struck in baser silver. See Langlois
(p. 13).
_
Kiao Pi. Srr Bridge Mone.y.
Kiao-tze. 'I'he eai'ly ("hinese name for
]iaper money issued l)y private concerns.
It means " Ciiangelings. " At a later date
tliese notes were called Chih-tsi or "Evidences."
Kia-tseh-ma. A ('liiiicse word for the
so called weight money of peculiar sluipe
used in China from the seventh to tlie
fourth centuries H.C. Its literal ti'anslation
is "slip weight money."
Kibear, or Kebar. An Aliyssinian
money of account, consisting of beads, and
representing one tentii of the Para. See
Wakea and Kharf.
Kiennes. Srr Chienes.
Kikkabos. Another pojiular name in
ancient times for Charon's Oliol {(/.v.).
Eight Kiy./.2^oi were sujiposed to ecpuil the
*rtoO'.a iq.v.), and were therefore the
smallest of the so-called Charon's Obols.
Kikkar. The Semitic name for the Talent
{/I.r.).
Kilkenny Crown. Srr Rebel Money.
Kimmeridge Coal Money. Srr Coal.
[1
Kin. A Chinese weigiit, the ])ound,
\vhich is applied to a cube of gold, each
side of which was about an incli s(|uare.
It is recorded to have been used during
the Tclutu dynasty, about ]i.('. 1100.
Tlu^ Emperor \Vang-."\Iang (A.D. !t-2:])
re-estaiilished it, with a value of ten thou-
.sand Chien. See. C'hin.
King George. An Engli.sh dialect term
foi' a half Penny of the eighteenth century.
It is common to Cuml>erlan(lshire.
lialpli, Misrrlliiueoii.^ I'tiriiix, 1747 {!>6),
has tlK> following lines:
".\ forllllip-tflli'f Ii'ntel.v coin about,
Anil ni.v twoa guld Khif,' (Iwi-orccs I powt out,"
King Shih Pi. Sre Bridge I\Ione\-.
King's Picture, The. An obsolete English
dialect term for money in general. It
is mentioned by W. Carr" in The Dialect
of Craven, in the West Riding of the
Count If of Yorkshire, 1828.
King's Silver. According to "Wharton,
Law Lexicon, 1864, this was "the money
which was paid to the King, in the Court
of Common Pleas, for a license granted to
a man to levy a fine of laiuls, tenements,
or hereditaments, to another person ; and
this must have been compounded, according
to the value of the land, in the alienation
oflfice, before the fine would have passed."
Kin Kwan. Early Japanese gold ring
money (q.v.).
Kinsatsu. A name given to .Japanese
paper currenc}', or "money cards," issued
May 15, 1868. For centuries liefore, every
great daimio had issued ]iai)er mone\- current
only in his han. When the Mikado
was restored to power and the government
reorganized, it followed the example of the
daimios and issued .scrip in various denominations.
The cards were oblong in
shape, but varied in size; two thirds of
the length bore an ornamental frame containing
the value, and the remaining third
resembled a coupon, being the two ramjiant
dragons with tails crossed and enclosing an
inscription denoting the issuing oilRce.
The previous paper currency consisted of
Ilansatsu, of which there are a innnlier of
varieties since 1694 and which were redeemed
for the Kinsatsu, at the rate of
one Yen for one Rio; tho.se having a value
of one half or one (piarter Koban were
called Hayaki ; and tliose valued at fortyeight
copper Mon were named Zeni.
Kippermiinzen. A name given to clipped
coins wiiieli eireiilated extensivelj- in many
parts of German.-^- at tlie beginning of the
seventeenth eentniy ; and the same term
was applied to the deliased enrreney issued
from 1621 to 162:3.
Thus Ki])perz\v61fer exist for Corvey,
Maasfeld, etc. ; Kipper-21-er for Lippe
;
Kipper-24-er for Brandenburg, Reuss, etc.
Kirat. The one twentieth of tlie legal
Dinar and tlie one fourteenth of tlie legal
Dirhem, but in practice its relation varies
greatly, i.e., it ecjuals one twenty-fourth,
and one twentieth Dinar, and one sixteenth,
one twelfth, one (juarter, and under
the t'atimis, one half Dirhem; but this was
a gold coin Kirat which is pr(jperly equal
to one half Dirhem. In 599, under El'-
Adil, eleven eniirv Kirats were equal to
one Diiuir. The Kirat is equal to five
Habbehs, fifteen Kirats to the Buwei"yh.v
Dirhem, and twenty to the Imamy.
The Kirat was the smallest of all the
former copper coins of Morocco, being
e<pial in value to one fourth of the Fels.
Kirchenpfennige. iSVe Church Tokens.
Kiri Kodama. A word meaning cut
cr\stai jewels or gems, and applied to a
variety of beads, supposed to have been
used as a primitive money in Japan. See
Munro (]). 5).
Kistophoros (pi. Kiaxotfopoi.) . See Cistopiioi'us.
Kite. A term used in commerce to designate
any negotiable pa])er issued to raise
money or to oiitain credit. Maria Edgeworth,
in her novel. Love and Law, 1817
(i. 1), has the phrase, "Here's bills . . .
but even the Kites, which I can Hy as well
as any man, won't raise the wind for me."
Kitharephoroi ((ir. KiOap-rj^opoi). Sec
Ci1 liart'pliiii'i.
Kit-tao. A vai'iety of tiie Knife money
((j.i'.) of the Emperor Wang Mang, iind
valued at ")()() ('hien.
Kitze. A Turkish money of account.
Srr Heut^^l.
Kiu-Ma. A Chinese word for weight
money used in C'iiina from the seventh to
the fourth centuries !'>.('. The word is
translated saddle money.
Kizri. Sf( Khi/.ri.
[
Klappmiitzenthaler. A name given to a
vai'iety of the (luldengroschen which was
issued by the Elector Frederick III of
Saxony in conjunction with the Dukes .John
and Albrecht pursuant to the mint regulations
of May 9, 1500. A later issue bears
the name of Duke George in place of Albrecht.
The name is derived from the peculiar
head-dress worn by the Dukes, aftei' the
fashion of that period.
Kleutergeld. Src Khitcrgeld.
Klinkhaert. See Clinckaert.
Klippe. A general name for coins struck
on a square, rectangular, or lozenge-shaped
planchet. They occur in various metals
and in many instances are mone.y of necessity.
The et>molog3' is probably from the
Swedish KUppu, to clip, or to cut with a
shears. Some of the early braeteates present
the apyiearance of having been cut with
a pair of sci.ssors, and Christian 11 of Denmark
resorted to the practice early in the
sixteenth century to such an extent that
he received the nickname Kong Klipping.
Klotergeld. J. ten Doornkaat Koolmau,
in iiis Wortcrhiich der 0.s-///vV\</.sT/(r»
Spraehe, 1882, defines this as small jingling
money. The words "Kloter" and
"Kleuter" mean to jingle or to ring, and
the Dutch have a similar name, viz., Kleutergeld.
Klomp. A popular Dutch name for an
ingot of gold. The word means a lump,
and is analogous to the German Klumpen.
Klopschelling. See Statenschelling.
Knaak. A slang term for the current
silver coin of two and one half Gulden of
the Netherlands.
Knackkuchen, and Knapkoeken. See
( 'naix'oek'.
Knife Money, or Tao, owes its origin
to the |)i'actic(' of using metal knives for
purposes of exchange. Its introduction in
China cainiot readily be determined, but it
was during the period of II 'wan, about B.C.
050, that the fii-st metal token representing
a knife or sword is supposed to have been
maili'. This mon(\v could be exchanged for
an actual weapon. For a detailed description
of these coins the works of Lacouperie
aiul Kamsden shouhl be consulted; the fol-
122]
Knopfzwanziger Koggerdaalder
lowiiiji iii'c, liuwcNcr, the priiicipal varietips
:
1. Tlic Hilt Knife coins of Kan Tan, tlu'
capital of tiio ancient state of Tciiiio, before
T?.('. 40(1, and situated in what is now tlie
province of 'i'cliihli. These are very tliin
and brittle, with an elon'^ated oval at the
end of the handle.
'2. The An-^'anji' issue of iarjic three and
four cliaract<'r Knife coins issuecl for the
state of Tsi, between the seventh and tiiird
centuries IJ.C.
8. The IMiu<;- series issued by the city of
Minj; in the state of Tchao durin<j; the
civil wars in the third century B.C. The
handle of these terminates in a ring.
4. The Tsi Moh issue of the third century
B.C. These can be groujied into the
Iar<!:e and small sizes. The former constitute
about tiiirt.v varieties with different
mint or serial marks. Of the smaller size
there are 16 varieties, the obverse inscription
is reduced from six to five characters,
and the reverse has only one symbol instead
of the usual three.
5. The Wang Mang series, taking tlieir
name from the usuri)er Wang Maug, who
reigned A.D. 9-23 and issued these coins
A.]). !)-14. These pieces are nuich thicker
than all the preceding types and only about
half as long. Purtliermore, the ring at the
end of the handle was replaced by the
shape of a thick piece of money with a
square hole in the centre. Wang Mang
struck two varieties, viz., pieces valued at
500 Cliien, called Kit-tao, and pieces with
gilt inscriptions, valued at 1000 ("hien, and
called Tsok-tao.
Mr. E. Torday, in a communication to
the London Geographical Journal (1911),
states that "one of the most interesting
points among the cannibal Bakutu of the
Px'lgian Kongo, Africa, is their use of a
conventional throwing-knife as currency.
The I'.asongo Meno also use this form of
currency, obtaining it from the Bakutu,
who are the nuunifacturers. " Conf. also
Ramsdeu ( pp. 10-13).
Knopfzwanziger. fiee Zwanziger.
Knurling. Sec Nurling.
Koban. A Japanese oval gold coin of a
similar design to the Oban (^.r.), and of
a value of one Ryo, or one tenth of the
larger coin. It was introduced in the latter
[12:
part of the sixteenth century, and Munro
([). 190) states that "it has been surmised
that they wei'c intended for the encouragement
of ti'ade with the Poi'tuguese. This
is <|uite likely, but 1 cannot tind aii>- dcliuite
confirmation of it."
In 1837 there was iss\ied the Tenijxi
Koban valued at 5 Ryos, but in a few
years it was discontinued.
The yiiin Koban, meaning "New Koban,"
was a coin of smaller size, though
of the same value, issued in ISfiO.
The word is variously written as the
following citations indicate: In Cock's
Dinrij, Sept. 17, 1616, he says, "I receved
two bars Coban gould with ten
ichibos, of 4 to a Coban;" and A. Hamilton,
in his New Account of the East Indies,
1727 (ii. 86), states that "My Friend
. . . complimented the Doctor with five
Japon Cupangs, or fifty Dutch Dollars."
Kodama. See Kiri Kodama.
Kodrantes, meaning the fourth jiart, is
the Greek ecpiivalent of the Roman Quadrans,
and is translated as Farthing in St.
Matthew (v. 26) and St. Mark (xii. 42).
Kolnische Mark. See Mark.
Kopfchen. See Kopfstiick.
Kortling. A dimiiuitive Croschen common
to many parts of Northern (iennany
during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
There is a dated one of 1429 for
Giittingen. See Frey (No. 26).
Adam Berg, in his Neir Miimhuch, 1597,
mentions them as struck in Eimbeck, Gottingen,
Hameln, Northcim, and Hanover;
and he adds that they are .small silver
coins of the value of three Pfennige or
eighty-four to the Gulden.
The name of the coin is probably derived
from Groschen, low-German "Grote,"
dimiiuitive "Grotling;" and by the trans-
I)osition of the letter r we obtain "Gortling"
and finally "Kiirtling," i.e., a fractional
"Groschen."
Koggerdaalder. A silver coin i.ssued in
the Province of Fi-iesland fi-om the beginning
of the seventeenth centiirv to
about the year 1690.
The fixed value was thirty Stuivers, but
on sjiecial occasions .some issues were made
in gold of which the ordinary type was
e(piivalent to about ten Ducats, and the
multiples in proportion.
A gold treble Kojj'i;'erdaakler of 1601 was
executed bj' the mintmaster William van
Vierssen and probably struek for the Diet
held in that year.
A double Ko<r»erdaalder, also in gold,
was struek in the same year probably for
presentation to the Ktadtholder.
Kolhasen Gulden. A gold coin referred
to in arehives of Praid<fort a.M. of 1430,
but wliieh has not been identified. Sec
Paul -Joseph (pp. 91, 172).
Kollybon. Sre Collybos.
Kometenthaler. The name given to a
medallie Thaler issued by the city of
8triisburg' in 1681 when this town surrendered
to the French on September 20
of that year. It has on the obverse a
figure of a comet which appeared in the
preceding year, and which was associated
i)y the superstitious with the calamity
which had befallen the city.
Kommassi, or Commassee. A former
l)as(' sihi'i- coin of Arabia, principally used
in the coffee trade of Mocha, and computed
at 07ie sixtieth of the Spanish Dollar.
It was later struck in copper and its
value depreciated ; three hundred and fifty
to five hundred being an equivalent of the
Spanisli and Levant Dolhirs. See Noback
(p. 679).
Kona. A silver coin of ancient India,
the hall' of the Karsha. See Pana.
Kong-par Tang-Ka. See Tang-ka.
Konstantin d'Or. See Constantin d'Or.
Konventionsmiinzen. See Convention
Money.
Kopeck, or Copeck. A copper coin of
Russia, tiic one hundredth part of the
Rulilc. Tliei'c are multi]iles of two, three
and five Ko])ecks, and a division, the half
Kopeck.
The Kopeck existed as a silver coin of
low standard as early as the sixteenth century,
but the copper issues began in the
year 1704. The name is derived from
Ko|)ie,jka, a spear or lance, in allusion to
the armed hor'seman carrying that weapon,
a design similar and |)erliaps copieit from
the coins of Ijithuania.
Kopje, Kopken. See Kopfstiick.
Kopparplatmynt. See Plate Money.
Koppar Slantar. See Shiiitai-.
[
Kopfstiick. A iio|)ular name for any
coin which exhibits the head or bust of
some ruler, and in this respect the same
as Teston (q.v.). The desigiuition is, however,
usually ajiplied to the Austrian pieces
of twenty Ki-enzer or five Batzen, to the
Danish twenty Skilling pieces, and to tln^
Bavarian silver coins of twenty-four Kreuzer.
In Gueldres, Loos, and the Low Countries
in general, the words Kopje, Kojiken,
and K()]>fchen are used to describe small
Deniers which have a head as a ])rominent
feature. See Flinderke and Copetum.
Kopy. A Bohemian money of account.
Th(> Kopy Grossuw, i.e., Groschen, formed
the basis, and was subdivided into two and
four .sevenths Koji\' Missenkv. See Noback
(p. 975).
Kore. A name (Kopr^, pi. Kopczt) erroneously
supposed by Alexandrian writers
(who have, pardonably enough, been followed
by modern authors) to have been
given to Athenian Tetradraehms on account
of their t.vpe, i.e., the head of the
maiden Goddess Athene. See, for correct
account, Willers, Num. Zeitschr. (xxxi.
p. 318). i
Kori. The standard of the currenc.v of
Cutch and Kathiawar; it is a small silver
coin of the average value of fotir Annas
or one fourth of the Rupee.
Codrington, in the Numismatic Chronicle,
1895 (p. 59) has described these coins
and gives the following table
:
SiI\Tr Pnin-hiii I'qujil tn li\f KnT-is.
('()|i|iiT niiahll i'(iii:il to ulM- ci^'hlh Kiiri.
('oppcr IHiiii^'ald ciiujil to nln- sixti'ciith Kori.
CopiuT Udkiln )'(nial tn (Hie twciity-fiuirth Kctri.
i'oppoT Taiil)i.V(> equal to one forty-eighth Kori.
and the Adliada, |)robably a money of account,
etpud to one ninety-sixth Kori.
He further cites their equivalents in the
Indian series, stating that
S Koris ('(pial 1 sil\er Ilial.
;i Koris ('(nial 1 Il.vderatiail Kiipi-c.
4 Koris iMpial 1 IHitta Ituprr.
:!% Koris and 1 Doiulo ei|nal I Siinit Rupee.
IS Koris etpiai 1 Un-aiiiee.
The varieties of Koris for Kathiawar
ai'c sometimes known as Jamis Kori, from
Sri .Tamji, the Rao'.s imme; while those for
Porbandar are termed Rami Shahi Kori.s,
from Sri Rami, the luime upon them.
Codrington {supra) traces the name
Kori fi'om the Sanscrit Kunwari.
124 ]
Korkuraioi Stateres Kreuzer
Korkuraioi Stateres ( Kopy.'jpaio'. nictz-
^ps?). The iiaiiK' by wiiii-h the silver
Sfiitcl's of ( "i)rcyi-;i wt'fc kiinwii Id tlic An-
C'it'llts.
Korn. A term used by Uennan inimisiiiatie
writers to indicate tiie fineness of an
alloy in eoiiiajje. It is referred to in this
sense in a mint ordinaiiee of 1409, contracted
between l?a(len, Speyer, and the
Palatinate. The expression probably arose
from the jii'actice of eomi)utin<; two hundred
and eifihty-ei^ht barleycorns to the
IMark, when the latter was a weight and
money of account. iSVe Schrot.
Korona. A silver denomination of llunfrary
divided into one iiundi'ed Killer. It
was establislie<l in 181)2. A irold coin of
100 Koi'ona was issued in 1!)07. The Austrian
woi-d is Corona, or Krone (q.t\).
Korsvide. A Danish silver coin of the
fourteenth century, struck at Mulmi), Aalborfj,
etc. Its value was lialf of the Ortup:,
and at a later period the name ajipears to
ha\e beiM) contracted to livid {q.v.).
Korten. A name friven to an inferior
class of billon and eopjier coins current in
Brabant and Flanders in the sixteenth century.
Their value varied from two to
three Mytes. The Ordonnantir of 1520
(§ 10) refers to "Korten en andere swarte
penninfi-eu." These coins had on the obverse
the letter K crowned, for Karolus,
or Charles \. Sec v.d. Chijs ( p]). 261,
26:3, 26-t).
The PreTicli ciiiiivalent is Courte Noire.
Kosel Gulden. Sec Cosel (iuldcn.
Kou. A till coin of the former Kiiifidoni
of Atji'li ill Sumatra. Its value varied
from 400 to 1000 to the Piastre. See Millies
(p. 106).
Koupa, oi- Kupa. A ^old coin of Celelies
issued priiicipall>- at .Makassar and (!owa.
It was struck A. II. 12r)l in the fornuM- territory,
and as early as A. II. 102It-l()7y in
the latter, bearing Aral)ic inscriptions on
both sides. Conf. Millies (pp. 176-177)
and Fonrobert (Nos. 8!)6, 897, 900).
Koupan. A foriner iiioiie\' of account at
Al.ieh. Si I Mas.
Krabbelaar. A biHoii coin of P>i-abanl,
.struck pursuant to the Ordoinnnilic of
15:i6, anil of the value of ISiur Stuivei-s or
Palards. It is also known as Ci-abbclaeiand
\'licgcr, the latter name probably
derived from the su|)position that the eagle
on the oliversc was in the act of flying.
Krahenplappart. Among the numerous
vai-ieties of the Pla|)part are some of Zurich
with a poorly executed figure of an
eagle. This was mistaken by the common
people for a crow and the nickname as
above was introduced. Sec Hlaffert.
Krajczar. The IIungaiMan name for the
Ki-eu/.ci' ((/.v.).
Kran. A silver coin of Persia of the
\alue of twenty Sliahis, and also subdi-
\ided into one thousand Dinars. The Ki'an
is the tenth i)iirt of the gold Toman, and
there are at present multiples in silver of
two aiul five Krai> pieces. The half Kraii
is known as the Penabad. Sec Tonuiii.
The Kran was introduced by Fath Ali
Shah in 1H26, and its original weight was
lOS grains.
Krapatalos. A humorous name em-
])loye(l liy (Jreek comedians to designate
money used in crossing the Styx. See
Naulum.
Kreditmiinzen. A term used in Germany
for any coins whose legal or marked
value is higher tlian the actual nu'tallie
value of their ciim|)osition.
Kreisobristen Thaler. A silver coin
struck iiy Cln-isti;iii Ernst, Margrave of
l>raii(lenbui-g-P>ayreuth in 1664. It has on
the obverse a figure of the Margrave on
lioi-sciiack and on the reverse nineteen
shields indicative of the various circuits
iiiidei' his .jurisdiction.
Krejcar. The P>iilieniian name for the
Kl'cuzer ((j.r.).
Kreuzer, also written Kreutzer. Originally'
a small silver coin which appeared
in the Tyrol in the Ihii-tcciit li century, and
which obtains its name trom a cross which
was stam|)ed u])oii it, a device ]ierhaiis
copied fi'om the P>y/.;intine coinage. In
Latin documents of this period it is referred
to as Ci-uciatus, Ci-ueifei-, and Cruciger.
The oldest t,\pes, calleil Etschkrenzer
or Meraner Kreuzer, bore a double
cross, one diagonally ovei- the other.
The Krelizei' of the later t\pe was of
copper and circulated extensively throughout
all of Southern (Jermany, Austria, and
Hungary. It was usually coiiipntcd at the
value of four Pfennig or eight Heller.
There were, however, two standards, one of
which represented forty-eight Krenzer to
the Gulden and seventy-two to the Thaler,
and in the other, called the light Kreuzer,
sixty went to the Gulden and ninety to
the Thaler. By a decree introduced January
1, 1859, the Gulden of Austria was
altered from sixty to one hundred Kreuzer.
Among the various multiples are seventeen
Kreuzer for Transylvania; obsidional
eighty Kreuzer for Strasburg in 1592
(Mailliet, cii. 1) ; and a piece of seven
Kreuzer, 1802, struck for Austria in the
war against Prance (Mailliet, viii. 2).
The Bohemian name for this coin is
Kre.icar, and the Hungarian form is Krajczar.
See Zwainziger. '
Kreuzgroschen. A name given to the
silvei- Gi-oschcn issued during the fourteentii
and fifteenth centuries by the German
Orders of Knighthood, on account of
the varieties of the Maltese cross which is
found in some cases on both the obverse
and reverse.
The designation was also generally applied
to any coin of this denomination on
which a cross was conspicuous. The Groschen
of Goslar issued in the fifteenth century
is so called from this feature, and one
of Meissen receives the same name from a
cross over the armorial shield.
Kreuzthaler. Srp Albertusthaler.
Kriegsfiinfer. Tlie popular name for the
five Pfeiniig piece struck by the German
Government in 1915. They are made of
iron instead of nickel, and to protect the
iron against rusting the coins have been
sul).iected to a special zinc treatment, called
"slierai'disicrt," luuncd after Sherard, the
invenloi' of tlie ])i'o('('ss.
Krishnala, also calh'd Djampel. A silver
coin of -lava, the usual type having an
incuse lotus flower on the reverse. A gold
coin of the value of twenty-four Krishnalas
received the name of TjaturviugatiniAnam.
It is more or less globular in
f(iriii, vvitli an incuse reverse and Dcvauagari
characters. Coiif. Millies (|>. 10), and
Konrobcrt (:{()1 -lilO).
Kronungs Miinzen. See ( '(ii-diiation
('(lins.
Kroiseioi, or Kroiseios Stater, 'i'hc coins
said to have been struck by (h'oesus, King
[1
of Lvdia, are so called. See Herodotus (i.
54)."
Kromstaart, also written Cromstaert
and Krumstccrt, i.e., "crooked tail." A
nickname given to a silver coin of Brabant
of the original value of two Groteu, issued
early in the fifteenth century. The obverse
shows a lion rampant with a curved
tail.
The type was copied in the Low Countries
and also in the city of Enulcn when
tlie latter was under the domination of
Hamburg, from 1433 to 1439..
Krona. See Krone.
Krone. A silver denomination of the
Scandiiuivian Union and divided into one
huiulred Ore. It was established for the
three kingdoms by the monetary convention
of 1875. Sweden retains the lunne
Krona and Norway and Denmark use
Krone.
In Iceland the Krone is divided into one
lunidrcd Aur.
Krone, plural Kronen. A silver denomination
of Austria, introdm'cd in 1892
and subdivided into one hundred Heller.
It superseded the Gulden or Florin, which
system it cut in half. There are multiples
as liigii as one hundred Kronen.
The gold ten Mark piece of Germany
was originally called Krone.
Kronenthaler, sometimes called Kronthalei'.
A silver issue struck in the latter
half of tiie eighteenth century for the
Austrian Netherlands. On the reverse of
these coins is a decorated 8t. Andrew's
cross in thi'ce cominirtments of which there
is a crown, while the fourth has the order
of the Golden Fleece.
The name is also given to other coins on
whicli a crown is conspicuous, e.r/.. the
issues of Ladislaus IV of Poland from lf)35
to l(i45; the (Jennan Thaler of Waldeck,
Bavaria, etc., of the early nineteenth cento
I'y, and others. See Crocione.
Krongyllen. Srr Gyllen.
Kronigte, also called Croniclite Groschi'u.
A variety of the Kreuzgroschen
{(/.r.) of the Margrave Frederick II of
i\Ieissen (1428-14(j4), which bears a crown
above the shield on the reverse instead of
a cross.
20]
Kroon Kwanei Sen
Kroon. Tlio niifdi (Miiiivalpiit for Krone
iiiiil Ci-dwii. Tlic I'ataviasi'hr Kroon struck
ill l(i4r) had a value of forty-oifrlit Stiiivcrs,
and corrcspondiiijr halves and (|iiai'(ers
wei'e also issued. Scr tioiuh'u Kroon and
Zoimekrooii.
Kroung Tamlung. 'L'lie hall' of the
Siaiiicse 'i'aiiiliiii;;- iq.r.) and eipuil to two
Tieals.
Krucier, plural Krucierze. The Polisli
((|iiivaleiit of the Kreuzer (f/.r.). They
wei'e introdueed under Sijj;isinuiid III in
lGl(i.
Kruisdaalder, or Kruisrijksdaalder. A
silver crown issued liy I'hilip II of Spain,
|)ursiiant to an ordinance of .June 4, 1507,
for IJrahaiit and the provinces of the Low
Countries. It receives its name from the
ohverse desif^n, the cross of Burgundy,
which separates the fiji;ures of tiie date. It
is also known as the Ecu a la Croix de
15our^'ojjiie. See van der Chijs (passim).
Krumsteert. See Kromstaart.
Krysinos. See Krysus.
Krysus, or Kpujou?, the Greek name for
the Soli<lus. When heavily alloyed so that
it liecaiuc electrnni it was called Kputrtvo!;.
Kuan, or Kwan. The Chinese name for
a striiiof of cash. The word now generally
used is Ciruaii. Another name is Tiao
(7.1-.).
Kua teng Ch'ien. "Ijaini) haiijuinf;
iiioiivy,"" the ('hinese name for new year's
medals or coins, which were generally
heavier than the regular issues, and had
oftenliiiies s|)eeial inscriptions on them.
These were distrilmted among the jialace
attendants. A popular slang name for
these pieces was Ilnaiig kai-tsu, "yellow
covers."
Kudatama. The name given to certain
stone cylindrical shajied objects, po.ssihly
used as primitive money in .Iai)an. S(<
Kiri Kodama and Magatama for otiier
forms.
Kiirassier Thaler. A silver coin of Prussia,
struck in 1S4'J to commemorate (he
twenty-fifth anniversary of the installation
of Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, as commander
of the si.xth regiment of cuirassiers
of IJraudcuburg.
[1
Kufic Coins. A term applied to such
Arabic coins as bear Kulic inscriptions.
The Kutic writing of the Middle Ages obtains
its name from the city of Kufa in
the Province of Ii-ak Arabi, and is easily
distinguished from the modern Arabic by
its thick and angular characters.
Kugildi. A term found in both Scandiiiaviau
and early (iennaii statutes and implying
a fixed sum in payment for healthy
cows of three to ten years of age. See
Auiira, Nunhjeriiuniischrs Oblii/diionrnrrrht.
1«S2, 181)5 (i. 44:5, ii. 522), and
Kidgeway, Oriijin of Metallic Citrrcnrij,
1SI)2 (rap. 1-3).
Kuhplapperte. See BlaU'ert.
Kuna. Sec Skins of Animals.
Kupa. See Koupa.
Kupang. Sec Kepeng.
Ku Pu. The Chinese name for the wedge
shaped metallic currency. See Pu. Other
names are Ch'an Pi and Ch'an Pu. Pus
are known in English as Spade Money.
Kutb. A name given to the copper two
and one half Cash ))ieec of Mysore, by
Tiim Sultan, in 17!I2, after the adoption
of his new system of reckoning. This system
was begun in 1786, and was based on
the Muludi, /.(., dating from the birth of
the Prophet. The name of the coin in
Ai'abic means the Polestar.
^larsden (ii. 725) translates it as Katib.
Kwacho. One of the many .lapanese
synonyms for a coin. It means "Disguised
Hnttei-fly." See O Aslii.
Kwammon Gin Sen. Sic IMii-Moii (iiii
Sen.
Kwan. This term ordinarily implies a
.lai)anese weight e(pial to one thousand
nionime, or about eight aiul a quarter
pounds. Munro (p. 58) states that in A. I).
810 a (piantity of coin (i)robably Sen),
aiiiounting to 1040 Kwan wei-e cast from
the copper I'emaining in tin' mint, aii<l he
adds that the expression Kwan probably
refers to one thousand pieces, which would
indicate that it was a money of account.
See Ryo and Quan.
Kwan. S( r Kuan.
Kwanei Sen. Probably the most popular
coin minted in .Jajian. It was first made
at Mito ill the .3rd year of Kwan-ei (Permanent
Tjiberality), 1624, and was not discontinued until 1859, a period of two hundred
and thirty-tliree years. It was made
in nearly all of the provincial mints, usually
in copper or bronze but sometimes in
iron. Collectors in Japan recognize over a
thousand varieties of this coin.
Kwart. A Dutch word meaning one
fourth, and used in combinations, e.g.,
Kwartdaalder, etc. The name Kwartje is
still used to designate the current silver
coin of twenty-five Cents.
Kwartnik. The name given to the base
silver one fourth Gro.schen of Poland. It
appears to have been introduced about the
period of Casimir the Great (1333-1370)
and continued in the coinage until the
middle of the fifteenth century.
Kyrsmaion. A gold Stater bearing the
types of Alexander the Great was issued
at Gyrene by Ptolemy I, and called
y.'jpavatov XToXsiJ-atou.
Kyrmis. An enormous copper coin,
aliout forty-four millimetres in diameter,
issued for Baghcheserai, in the Crimea, by
Shahin Gerai (A.H. 1191-1197) before its
annexation to Russia. See Valentine (pp.
96-98).
Kyzikenoi (Ku!^i5<,T)vot axaTripe?). See
Cyzicenes.
money used in Tenasserim, a former province
of Siam and later of Burma. Tlie
coins consist of a mixture of lead and tin.
R. C. Temple, in the Indiini Antiquarij,
VMYl (p. 51), states that 40 Kabean are
equal to one Madras Rupee, and 88 are
equal to a Spanish Dollar. 8ee Ganza.
Kabir, also variously kuown as Caveer,
Kaliukt, and Rnckseha. An Arabian
money of account computed at one eightieth
of the Piastre. It was formerly extensivelv
emploved at Mocha. See Noback
(pp. 67S-67fl).
"
Kaczen Gulden. See Katzen Gulden.
Kasperlein. See Kasperle.
Kagami Sen, or "Mirror" Sen. The
Jai)auese name for a form of counter resembling'
the old ronnd Sen, but heavier
and flat on one side. The designs on these
are largely floral. Another name was Ana
Ichi Sen.
Kahan. See Cawne.
Kahapana. See Pana.
Kaird Turner. An obsolete Scotch term
for a small base coin made by tinkers.
Caird or Kaird means a tinker, and the
name is common to Aberdeenshire.
Spalding, History of Scotland, 1792 (i.
197), says: "The Kaird turners [were]
. . . discharged, as false cninzes.
"
Kairien. A name given to certain base
gdld coins of Egypt. The Kairie Hashireh
was valued at ten Piastres and the Kairie
Ilashreen at twentv Piastres. Thev were
introduced A. II. I'i;j5 or A.I). 18;19."
Kaisar. A proclamation of Elizabeth, of
October 9, l.^On, states "that the crowns
named I?urguiidians, Kaisars, or French
Crowns, then cui-rent at six shillings and
f((ur pence, should go for six shillings and
no more." .SVr Ruding (i. :5:!S). The reference
is probably to the lirabantine Zonnekroon,
struck in 1544 ((/.v.).
[1
Kaisergroschen. A common name for
the silver pieces of three Kreuzer, struck
in Austria, Silesia, etc. They bore on the
obverse the bust of the Emjieror and were
computed at thirty to the Reichsthaler, or
twenty to the Gulden.
Kaiserthaler. See Dreikaiserthaler.
Kakini. Another name for the Voclri
(q.r.).
Kala. A silver coin of India and equal
to one sixteenth of a Rupee. See Sihansah.
Kalenderthaler. A silver Sendo issued
by I'lipe Gregory XIII to commemorate
the imi)rovemcnt in the calendar. It bears
the insci'ipti((n .\nno restitvto mdlxxxh.
Kaltis. An early Indian coin mentioned
by the Greeks. Cunningham (p. 2) says,
"the Kaltis I take to be a gold Hun of
the weight of a Kalutti seed, about fifty
grains. '
'
Kammerherrenthaler. This word signifies
a Chamberlain, and the name is given
to the Prussian Thaler of Frederick William
III, struck in 1816, on which the inscription
reads k. v. preuss. instead of
KOENiG VON PREUSSEN. A Chamberlain
named von Preuss was at the royal court
in that year.
Kampei Taiho. Sec Jiu Ni Zene.
Kamsa. An early Ceylon copper coin
which is frequently referred to by Sinhalese
writers. See Davids (sec. 12).
Kangtang. The name given to a variety
of the Chinese temple money, struck about
the sixteenth century.
IMillies (p. 38) states that this money
was coi)ied in Java and received the name
of Ketcng, and Netcher gives it a valuation
of one fifth of the Gobog (q.v.).
Kani. See Tankah.
Kanna Drick. A token struck both oval
and octagonal and issued for the miners
of Trollliiittan (i.e.. the "Cap of the
Witch") in West Gothland. The Kanna
is a Swedish licpiid measure and the token
was presumably exchangeable for a quantity
of some beverage.
18]
Kantem Katzen Gulden
Kantem. A eoppei- vinn ol' IJii!-.';!!'!;!.
See Stotiiika.
Kapang. Scr Kepeiifr.
Karkadona, Greek, Kapy.aSova. According'
t(i Suidas, tliis was another name for
the Danakr nv Charon's Ohol {q.v.).
Karl d'Or. ^Ve Carl d'Or.
KarKno. See Carlino.
Kar-ma-nga. A Tibetan cciin of the
value III' two Annas. See Taii^-ka.
Karolin. A <?old coin somewliat hirjrer
tlian the Dueat, introduced in 17:!"2 by
Karl Piiilip, Elector of the Palatinate, and
co])ied in Bavaria, Wiirttembertj, Baden,
Hessen, etc. Src Carolin.
Karolus Gulden. See Carolns.
Karsha, or Karshapana. The name nf
both a silver and a cop]ier denomination
in the eoinafie of ancient India. Sec Pana.
Kas. A copi)er coin issued by Denmark
from the reign of Christian V {*167()-l(i99)
to 184"), f(n- Tran(iuebar. It was similar
to the Caclie (q.v.), issued by France for
its colonial po.ssessions.
Tliei'c are nndtiples of two, four, and
ten Kas j)ieces, and many minor varieties,
for a full account of which see Bergsoe,
Trunkflxir-Monter, 1895 (passim).
Kas, or Kash. A small copper coin of
.Southern India, corresjionding to tiie Cache
and the Kasu (q.v.). The Dutch and
Danes .struck it in midtiples as higli as fifty
Kaslias for their po.ssessions. See Faluce.
Kasbegi, also named Pid, and Qaz. A
coiiper coin of Persia of the Sufi or Safi
d\'nastv, and valued at one fourth of a
P.i.sti.
The name Kasbegi is not inscribed on
these coins, but instead of this occurs the
Arabic word Falus, the plural of Fels,
which is siip]iosed to be a corruption of
the Latin Follis, just as the Persian denomination
of Pid, applied to the same species
of coin, seems to be derived from
Obolus.
Under Nasir al din (A.II. 1264-1:314) the
Kasbegi was made the one tenth of the
Sliaiit, and ecpial to the Turkish Para. Srr
Fonrobert (4805 et seq.).
Kasperle. An Austrian nickname for
the cue fourth Brabanter Thaler or Kio-
[ 1
nen Thaler, because it represented the price
of admission to tlie Kasperle Theater, a
kind of "Punch and Judy" show, jiopidar
in Vienna. The Swiss use Chasperli as an
equivalent.
llebel. in his Ah iiKiiinischr (Irdichtr (iii.
142, 149, etc.), mentions "Ein Kiisperlein."
Kassenmannchen. A nii-knanie used in
Westphalia and the l-ihine Provinces for
the Prussian piece of two and one half
Silbei'gi-oschen.
The small bust would acc(i\int Utr the
derivatiitn of "Miinnchen," and the first
part of the name is ]irobal)ly due to the
fact that the majority of the coins were
used to liquidate small payments in the
state treasury. See Driittainer.
Kassenthaler. See Ca.ssa Thaler.
Kasu. A Kanarese woi-d called by Europeans
"cash." This (U'nomiuation is applied
to the small cojjper issues of Travancore,
sixteen of them being ecpud to a
Chuckram. On the modern coinage the
word is written in English "Cash."
In the Mysore coinage under Kri.shna
Raja Udaiyar (1799-1868) the word Kasu
followed by a numeral is frequently met
with ; similarly, in the coinage of Madras,
the Fels is divided into twenty Kas, the
latter word being another form of Kasu.
See Pagoda, and conf. Elliot (p. 59).
Kateryn. An obsolete form of writing
Quatti'ino (q.v.).
Katharineng^oschen. The name given
to certain silver coins issued by Katharina,
the widow of F'rederick, Margrave of Meissen
(deceased 1428), as guardian and
trustee for her sons Frederick II and William
III. They have in the inscrijjtion the
three initials, K.F.W.
Katib. Sec Kutb.
Kattersinken. A name which occurs in
Adam Berg's New Miinzbueh, 1597, to designate
small base silver Bohemian coins of
the sixteenth century. He states that six
were ecpial to a Kreuzer l)ut does not give
the etymology of the term.
Katzen Gulden. A gold coin referred
to in archives of Frankfort a.l\I. of 1430,
but wliich has not been identified. It is
sometimes written Kaczen (iidden. See
Paul Jo.seph (pp. 91, 172).
lit]
Katzengulden. A nickname fiiven to the
early silver coins of Ueborlinjien in tlie
Dnchy of Snabia. The armorial bearings
consist of a silver lion on a red field, and
this desig:n when figured on the coinage
resembled a cat. A mint was established
lii'ri> (luring the thirteenth eentnry.
Kazmi. A name given to the one sixteenth
Rupee or silvei- half Fanam of
Mysore, by Tipn Sultan, in 1786, when he
adopted his new system of reckoning, based
on the Mnhidi, i.e., dating from the birtli
of the Pro])het. The coin is so called after
Musa Kazim, the seventh Imam.
Kebar. Abyssinian iu-ads nsed for
money. Sec Kharf.
Kedjer. A Javanese money of account
of the value of one sixteenth Real. See
Pitje.
Kehlpfennig, or Kelpenning, are terms
frequently found in the luimismatic archiv(>
s of Brandenburg during the Middle
Ages. It has not been determined what
varieties of coins are referred to bj- this
name, but it is as.snmed that they are Bracteates
or Hohlpfennige (q.v.). Conf. also
Okelpenning and see Zeitschrift fiir NuiiilsiiKilik.
V.K)8 (196).
Keiat. Tlie name given to the silver
Rupee with the figure of a peacock, struck
for Burma in 1852. There are divisions
of halves, quarters, eighths, and sixteenths.
Keizerskroon. See Zonnekroon.
Kelchthaler. A silver coin of Zurich,
struck in l.)'2(\. The name means "Chalice
Thaler," and it is bestowed on this piece
because the metal used in its composition
was furnished by the churches.
Kelpenning. See Kehl|)fcnnig.
Kenderi. The Dutch ecpiivalent of Candarcen
(q.i'.). The Kenderi Perak is a silver
coin of the Malay Peninsula. See
Pitje,
Kengen Taiho. See Jiu Ni Zene.
Kentel. Another name for the Gobog
(r/.r.), a variety of the temjile money of
Java.
Kentucky Cent. This coin is so called
brcausc the Icltc'i' K is Oil the uppermost
of the ]iryaiiiid of stars. The token was
probably struck in Kugland after June 1,
17!)2, the date nl' this State's admi.ssion to
the Union.
[1
Kepeng, Keping, Kapang, or Kupang.
The name of a copper coin used throughout
the Malay States, and reckoned at the
four hundredth part of a Spanish Dollar.
The word is of Malay origin and means a
bit or piece. See Netscher and v.d. Chijs
ipfissini) and Pitje (infm).
Keration. Another name for the Siliqua,
which see.
Kerma, Greek, K£p|j.a, dimin. Kepij.a-iov,
was used to designate any monetary fraction,
a very small coin.
Kersa. A name (Kepaa, Kepaaiov,
Kopatov) found in Hesychius to designate
an Asiatic coin.
Keser. A Turkish money of account.
See P.cutel.
Kesitah. A Hebrew word meaning a
lamb; it is translated as "a piece of
money, '
' due probably to the fact that the
weight was made in that form. See Job
(xlii. 11), Genesis (xxxiii. 19), and Joshua
(xxiv. 32).
Kesme. The name formerh' given to the
S])aiiisii Dollar or Piastre at Nubia, Kordofan,
etc. The money of account is based
on the ounce of gold which was valued at
sixteen Spanish Dollars, called Puma or
Wokye. Half that amount was Nosf-
Wok.\e, and the quarter, or four Dollars,
was known as a Miscal (q.v.). The names
were retained in accounts, although the
actual value of an ounce of gold frequently
exceeded sixteen Piastres. See Noback (p.
761).
Keteng. See Kangtang and Gobog.
Ketip. The Malay and Javanese name
for the current silver ten Cent piece of the
Netherlands.
Kha-Kang. A Tibetan coin of the value
of one Anna. See Tang-ka.
Khap-chhe. A Tibetan coin of the
value of half an Anna. See Tang-ka.
Kharf. A string of beads, used as money
ill some jiarts of Abyssinia. This currency
is described in detail by A. Thomson D'
Abbadic, ill the Numiswafic Chronicle
(vol. ii. 18:ii)-lS40). He states that the
string consists of 120 beads, called Kharaz;
three of the i)eatls form a Kebar. and forty
Keliar a Kharf. The Kharaz are carried
in bags, or tied up in the corner of a cloth.
They are marked by a little dark brown
20]
Kharrubeh Kinsatsu
riiiji' ami vary in lliii-kncss I'l-diu four to
soveu iiiilliinctrcs.
Kharrubeh. 'I'lic firairi of the kliarnib
tro<> ciiiials (iiic t\v('iit\'-fourtli Mitlikal, or
one t'ijrlili't'iith Dirlicni (or one sixteenth)
eijnals .'! <rraiiis of eoi'ii | namely, as tlie
Dinar is to the Dirheni, i.r., 10 : 7 : : 24 :
16* ;;]. As a eoin, a subdivision of tlie
Bezant of Cyprus; and a small gold coin
struck on Lentil (Holy) Thursday e(|nal
to one twentieth Dinar.
Kharub, oi- Caroub. Originally a billon
coin of 'I'nnis of the value of half an Asjier.
Under Abd-el-Jledscliid, i.r.. after 18:}9, it
was struck in eo|i|)er, but iv^tained the same
value.
Khizri, or Kizri. A name piiven to the
one thirty-second Rupee, or silver half
Anna of Mysore, by Tipu Sultan, in 17S6,
vvlien he adopted his new system of reckoning:,
based on the JMuhidi, i.e., dating
from the birth of the Prophet. The coin
is so called after Khwaja Khizr, a prophet.
Khodabandi. Scf Mahmudi.
Khori. A billon coin of Armenia. It
is evidentlj' a variety of the Tram {q.^>.),
but struck in baser silver. See Langlois
(p. 13).
_
Kiao Pi. Srr Bridge Mone.y.
Kiao-tze. 'I'he eai'ly ("hinese name for
]iaper money issued l)y private concerns.
It means " Ciiangelings. " At a later date
tliese notes were called Chih-tsi or "Evidences."
Kia-tseh-ma. A ('liiiicse word for the
so called weight money of peculiar sluipe
used in China from the seventh to tlie
fourth centuries H.C. Its literal ti'anslation
is "slip weight money."
Kibear, or Kebar. An Aliyssinian
money of account, consisting of beads, and
representing one tentii of the Para. See
Wakea and Kharf.
Kiennes. Srr Chienes.
Kikkabos. Another pojiular name in
ancient times for Charon's Oliol {(/.v.).
Eight Kiy./.2^oi were sujiposed to ecpuil the
*rtoO'.a iq.v.), and were therefore the
smallest of the so-called Charon's Obols.
Kikkar. The Semitic name for the Talent
{/I.r.).
Kilkenny Crown. Srr Rebel Money.
Kimmeridge Coal Money. Srr Coal.
[1
Kin. A Chinese weigiit, the ])ound,
\vhich is applied to a cube of gold, each
side of which was about an incli s(|uare.
It is recorded to have been used during
the Tclutu dynasty, about ]i.('. 1100.
Tlu^ Emperor \Vang-."\Iang (A.D. !t-2:])
re-estaiilished it, with a value of ten thou-
.sand Chien. See. C'hin.
King George. An Engli.sh dialect term
foi' a half Penny of the eighteenth century.
It is common to Cuml>erlan(lshire.
lialpli, Misrrlliiueoii.^ I'tiriiix, 1747 {!>6),
has tlK> following lines:
".\ forllllip-tflli'f Ii'ntel.v coin about,
Anil ni.v twoa guld Khif,' (Iwi-orccs I powt out,"
King Shih Pi. Sre Bridge I\Ione\-.
King's Picture, The. An obsolete English
dialect term for money in general. It
is mentioned by W. Carr" in The Dialect
of Craven, in the West Riding of the
Count If of Yorkshire, 1828.
King's Silver. According to "Wharton,
Law Lexicon, 1864, this was "the money
which was paid to the King, in the Court
of Common Pleas, for a license granted to
a man to levy a fine of laiuls, tenements,
or hereditaments, to another person ; and
this must have been compounded, according
to the value of the land, in the alienation
oflfice, before the fine would have passed."
Kin Kwan. Early Japanese gold ring
money (q.v.).
Kinsatsu. A name given to .Japanese
paper currenc}', or "money cards," issued
May 15, 1868. For centuries liefore, every
great daimio had issued ]iai)er mone\- current
only in his han. When the Mikado
was restored to power and the government
reorganized, it followed the example of the
daimios and issued .scrip in various denominations.
The cards were oblong in
shape, but varied in size; two thirds of
the length bore an ornamental frame containing
the value, and the remaining third
resembled a coupon, being the two ramjiant
dragons with tails crossed and enclosing an
inscription denoting the issuing oilRce.
The previous paper currency consisted of
Ilansatsu, of which there are a innnlier of
varieties since 1694 and which were redeemed
for the Kinsatsu, at the rate of
one Yen for one Rio; tho.se having a value
of one half or one (piarter Koban were
called Hayaki ; and tliose valued at fortyeight
copper Mon were named Zeni.
Kippermiinzen. A name given to clipped
coins wiiieli eireiilated extensivelj- in many
parts of German.-^- at tlie beginning of the
seventeenth eentniy ; and the same term
was applied to the deliased enrreney issued
from 1621 to 162:3.
Thus Ki])perz\v61fer exist for Corvey,
Maasfeld, etc. ; Kipper-21-er for Lippe
;
Kipper-24-er for Brandenburg, Reuss, etc.
Kirat. The one twentieth of tlie legal
Dinar and tlie one fourteenth of tlie legal
Dirhem, but in practice its relation varies
greatly, i.e., it ecjuals one twenty-fourth,
and one twentieth Dinar, and one sixteenth,
one twelfth, one (juarter, and under
the t'atimis, one half Dirhem; but this was
a gold coin Kirat which is pr(jperly equal
to one half Dirhem. In 599, under El'-
Adil, eleven eniirv Kirats were equal to
one Diiuir. The Kirat is equal to five
Habbehs, fifteen Kirats to the Buwei"yh.v
Dirhem, and twenty to the Imamy.
The Kirat was the smallest of all the
former copper coins of Morocco, being
e<pial in value to one fourth of the Fels.
Kirchenpfennige. iSVe Church Tokens.
Kiri Kodama. A word meaning cut
cr\stai jewels or gems, and applied to a
variety of beads, supposed to have been
used as a primitive money in Japan. See
Munro (]). 5).
Kistophoros (pi. Kiaxotfopoi.) . See Cistopiioi'us.
Kite. A term used in commerce to designate
any negotiable pa])er issued to raise
money or to oiitain credit. Maria Edgeworth,
in her novel. Love and Law, 1817
(i. 1), has the phrase, "Here's bills . . .
but even the Kites, which I can Hy as well
as any man, won't raise the wind for me."
Kitharephoroi ((ir. KiOap-rj^opoi). Sec
Ci1 liart'pliiii'i.
Kit-tao. A vai'iety of tiie Knife money
((j.i'.) of the Emperor Wang Mang, iind
valued at ")()() ('hien.
Kitze. A Turkish money of account.
Srr Heut^^l.
Kiu-Ma. A Chinese word for weight
money used in C'iiina from the seventh to
the fourth centuries !'>.('. The word is
translated saddle money.
Kizri. Sf( Khi/.ri.
[
Klappmiitzenthaler. A name given to a
vai'iety of the (luldengroschen which was
issued by the Elector Frederick III of
Saxony in conjunction with the Dukes .John
and Albrecht pursuant to the mint regulations
of May 9, 1500. A later issue bears
the name of Duke George in place of Albrecht.
The name is derived from the peculiar
head-dress worn by the Dukes, aftei' the
fashion of that period.
Kleutergeld. Src Khitcrgeld.
Klinkhaert. See Clinckaert.
Klippe. A general name for coins struck
on a square, rectangular, or lozenge-shaped
planchet. They occur in various metals
and in many instances are mone.y of necessity.
The et>molog3' is probably from the
Swedish KUppu, to clip, or to cut with a
shears. Some of the early braeteates present
the apyiearance of having been cut with
a pair of sci.ssors, and Christian 11 of Denmark
resorted to the practice early in the
sixteenth century to such an extent that
he received the nickname Kong Klipping.
Klotergeld. J. ten Doornkaat Koolmau,
in iiis Wortcrhiich der 0.s-///vV\</.sT/(r»
Spraehe, 1882, defines this as small jingling
money. The words "Kloter" and
"Kleuter" mean to jingle or to ring, and
the Dutch have a similar name, viz., Kleutergeld.
Klomp. A popular Dutch name for an
ingot of gold. The word means a lump,
and is analogous to the German Klumpen.
Klopschelling. See Statenschelling.
Knaak. A slang term for the current
silver coin of two and one half Gulden of
the Netherlands.
Knackkuchen, and Knapkoeken. See
( 'naix'oek'.
Knife Money, or Tao, owes its origin
to the |)i'actic(' of using metal knives for
purposes of exchange. Its introduction in
China cainiot readily be determined, but it
was during the period of II 'wan, about B.C.
050, that the fii-st metal token representing
a knife or sword is supposed to have been
maili'. This mon(\v could be exchanged for
an actual weapon. For a detailed description
of these coins the works of Lacouperie
aiul Kamsden shouhl be consulted; the fol-
122]
Knopfzwanziger Koggerdaalder
lowiiiji iii'c, liuwcNcr, the priiicipal varietips
:
1. Tlic Hilt Knife coins of Kan Tan, tlu'
capital of tiio ancient state of Tciiiio, before
T?.('. 40(1, and situated in what is now tlie
province of 'i'cliihli. These are very tliin
and brittle, with an elon'^ated oval at the
end of the handle.
'2. The An-^'anji' issue of iarjic three and
four cliaract<'r Knife coins issuecl for the
state of Tsi, between the seventh and tiiird
centuries IJ.C.
8. The IMiu<;- series issued by the city of
Minj; in the state of Tchao durin<j; the
civil wars in the third century B.C. The
handle of these terminates in a ring.
4. The Tsi Moh issue of the third century
B.C. These can be groujied into the
Iar<!:e and small sizes. The former constitute
about tiiirt.v varieties with different
mint or serial marks. Of the smaller size
there are 16 varieties, the obverse inscription
is reduced from six to five characters,
and the reverse has only one symbol instead
of the usual three.
5. The Wang Mang series, taking tlieir
name from the usuri)er Wang Maug, who
reigned A.D. 9-23 and issued these coins
A.]). !)-14. These pieces are nuich thicker
than all the preceding types and only about
half as long. Purtliermore, the ring at the
end of the handle was replaced by the
shape of a thick piece of money with a
square hole in the centre. Wang Mang
struck two varieties, viz., pieces valued at
500 Cliien, called Kit-tao, and pieces with
gilt inscriptions, valued at 1000 ("hien, and
called Tsok-tao.
Mr. E. Torday, in a communication to
the London Geographical Journal (1911),
states that "one of the most interesting
points among the cannibal Bakutu of the
Px'lgian Kongo, Africa, is their use of a
conventional throwing-knife as currency.
The I'.asongo Meno also use this form of
currency, obtaining it from the Bakutu,
who are the nuunifacturers. " Conf. also
Ramsdeu ( pp. 10-13).
Knopfzwanziger. fiee Zwanziger.
Knurling. Sec Nurling.
Koban. A Japanese oval gold coin of a
similar design to the Oban (^.r.), and of
a value of one Ryo, or one tenth of the
larger coin. It was introduced in the latter
[12:
part of the sixteenth century, and Munro
([). 190) states that "it has been surmised
that they wei'c intended for the encouragement
of ti'ade with the Poi'tuguese. This
is <|uite likely, but 1 cannot tind aii>- dcliuite
confirmation of it."
In 1837 there was iss\ied the Tenijxi
Koban valued at 5 Ryos, but in a few
years it was discontinued.
The yiiin Koban, meaning "New Koban,"
was a coin of smaller size, though
of the same value, issued in ISfiO.
The word is variously written as the
following citations indicate: In Cock's
Dinrij, Sept. 17, 1616, he says, "I receved
two bars Coban gould with ten
ichibos, of 4 to a Coban;" and A. Hamilton,
in his New Account of the East Indies,
1727 (ii. 86), states that "My Friend
. . . complimented the Doctor with five
Japon Cupangs, or fifty Dutch Dollars."
Kodama. See Kiri Kodama.
Kodrantes, meaning the fourth jiart, is
the Greek ecpiivalent of the Roman Quadrans,
and is translated as Farthing in St.
Matthew (v. 26) and St. Mark (xii. 42).
Kolnische Mark. See Mark.
Kopfchen. See Kopfstiick.
Kortling. A dimiiuitive Croschen common
to many parts of Northern (iennany
during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
There is a dated one of 1429 for
Giittingen. See Frey (No. 26).
Adam Berg, in his Neir Miimhuch, 1597,
mentions them as struck in Eimbeck, Gottingen,
Hameln, Northcim, and Hanover;
and he adds that they are .small silver
coins of the value of three Pfennige or
eighty-four to the Gulden.
The name of the coin is probably derived
from Groschen, low-German "Grote,"
dimiiuitive "Grotling;" and by the trans-
I)osition of the letter r we obtain "Gortling"
and finally "Kiirtling," i.e., a fractional
"Groschen."
Koggerdaalder. A silver coin i.ssued in
the Province of Fi-iesland fi-om the beginning
of the seventeenth centiirv to
about the year 1690.
The fixed value was thirty Stuivers, but
on sjiecial occasions .some issues were made
in gold of which the ordinary type was
e(piivalent to about ten Ducats, and the
multiples in proportion.
A gold treble Kojj'i;'erdaakler of 1601 was
executed bj' the mintmaster William van
Vierssen and probably struek for the Diet
held in that year.
A double Ko<r»erdaalder, also in gold,
was struek in the same year probably for
presentation to the Ktadtholder.
Kolhasen Gulden. A gold coin referred
to in arehives of Praid<fort a.M. of 1430,
but wliieh has not been identified. Sec
Paul -Joseph (pp. 91, 172).
Kollybon. Sre Collybos.
Kometenthaler. The name given to a
medallie Thaler issued by the city of
8triisburg' in 1681 when this town surrendered
to the French on September 20
of that year. It has on the obverse a
figure of a comet which appeared in the
preceding year, and which was associated
i)y the superstitious with the calamity
which had befallen the city.
Kommassi, or Commassee. A former
l)as(' sihi'i- coin of Arabia, principally used
in the coffee trade of Mocha, and computed
at 07ie sixtieth of the Spanish Dollar.
It was later struck in copper and its
value depreciated ; three hundred and fifty
to five hundred being an equivalent of the
Spanisli and Levant Dolhirs. See Noback
(p. 679).
Kona. A silver coin of ancient India,
the hall' of the Karsha. See Pana.
Kong-par Tang-Ka. See Tang-ka.
Konstantin d'Or. See Constantin d'Or.
Konventionsmiinzen. See Convention
Money.
Kopeck, or Copeck. A copper coin of
Russia, tiic one hundredth part of the
Rulilc. Tliei'c are multi]iles of two, three
and five Ko])ecks, and a division, the half
Kopeck.
The Kopeck existed as a silver coin of
low standard as early as the sixteenth century,
but the copper issues began in the
year 1704. The name is derived from
Ko|)ie,jka, a spear or lance, in allusion to
the armed hor'seman carrying that weapon,
a design similar and |)erliaps copieit from
the coins of Ijithuania.
Kopje, Kopken. See Kopfstiick.
Kopparplatmynt. See Plate Money.
Koppar Slantar. See Shiiitai-.
[
Kopfstiick. A iio|)ular name for any
coin which exhibits the head or bust of
some ruler, and in this respect the same
as Teston (q.v.). The desigiuition is, however,
usually ajiplied to the Austrian pieces
of twenty Ki-enzer or five Batzen, to the
Danish twenty Skilling pieces, and to tln^
Bavarian silver coins of twenty-four Kreuzer.
In Gueldres, Loos, and the Low Countries
in general, the words Kopje, Kojiken,
and K()]>fchen are used to describe small
Deniers which have a head as a ])rominent
feature. See Flinderke and Copetum.
Kopy. A Bohemian money of account.
Th(> Kopy Grossuw, i.e., Groschen, formed
the basis, and was subdivided into two and
four .sevenths Koji\' Missenkv. See Noback
(p. 975).
Kore. A name (Kopr^, pi. Kopczt) erroneously
supposed by Alexandrian writers
(who have, pardonably enough, been followed
by modern authors) to have been
given to Athenian Tetradraehms on account
of their t.vpe, i.e., the head of the
maiden Goddess Athene. See, for correct
account, Willers, Num. Zeitschr. (xxxi.
p. 318). i
Kori. The standard of the currenc.v of
Cutch and Kathiawar; it is a small silver
coin of the average value of fotir Annas
or one fourth of the Rupee.
Codrington, in the Numismatic Chronicle,
1895 (p. 59) has described these coins
and gives the following table
:
SiI\Tr Pnin-hiii I'qujil tn li\f KnT-is.
('()|i|iiT niiahll i'(iii:il to ulM- ci^'hlh Kiiri.
('oppcr IHiiii^'ald ciiujil to nln- sixti'ciith Kori.
CopiuT Udkiln )'(nial tn (Hie twciity-fiuirth Kctri.
i'oppoT Taiil)i.V(> equal to one forty-eighth Kori.
and the Adliada, |)robably a money of account,
etpud to one ninety-sixth Kori.
He further cites their equivalents in the
Indian series, stating that
S Koris ('(pial 1 sil\er Ilial.
;i Koris ('(nial 1 Il.vderatiail Kiipi-c.
4 Koris iMpial 1 IHitta Ituprr.
:!% Koris and 1 Doiulo ei|nal I Siinit Rupee.
IS Koris etpiai 1 Un-aiiiee.
The varieties of Koris for Kathiawar
ai'c sometimes known as Jamis Kori, from
Sri .Tamji, the Rao'.s imme; while those for
Porbandar are termed Rami Shahi Kori.s,
from Sri Rami, the luime upon them.
Codrington {supra) traces the name
Kori fi'om the Sanscrit Kunwari.
124 ]
Korkuraioi Stateres Kreuzer
Korkuraioi Stateres ( Kopy.'jpaio'. nictz-
^ps?). The iiaiiK' by wiiii-h the silver
Sfiitcl's of ( "i)rcyi-;i wt'fc kiinwii Id tlic An-
C'it'llts.
Korn. A term used by Uennan inimisiiiatie
writers to indicate tiie fineness of an
alloy in eoiiiajje. It is referred to in this
sense in a mint ordinaiiee of 1409, contracted
between l?a(len, Speyer, and the
Palatinate. The expression probably arose
from the jii'actice of eomi)utin<; two hundred
and eifihty-ei^ht barleycorns to the
IMark, when the latter was a weight and
money of account. iSVe Schrot.
Korona. A silver denomination of llunfrary
divided into one iiundi'ed Killer. It
was establislie<l in 181)2. A irold coin of
100 Koi'ona was issued in 1!)07. The Austrian
woi-d is Corona, or Krone (q.t\).
Korsvide. A Danish silver coin of the
fourteenth century, struck at Mulmi), Aalborfj,
etc. Its value was lialf of the Ortup:,
and at a later period the name ajipears to
ha\e beiM) contracted to livid {q.v.).
Korten. A name friven to an inferior
class of billon and eopjier coins current in
Brabant and Flanders in the sixteenth century.
Their value varied from two to
three Mytes. The Ordonnantir of 1520
(§ 10) refers to "Korten en andere swarte
penninfi-eu." These coins had on the obverse
the letter K crowned, for Karolus,
or Charles \. Sec v.d. Chijs ( p]). 261,
26:3, 26-t).
The PreTicli ciiiiivalent is Courte Noire.
Kosel Gulden. Sec Cosel (iuldcn.
Kou. A till coin of the former Kiiifidoni
of Atji'li ill Sumatra. Its value varied
from 400 to 1000 to the Piastre. See Millies
(p. 106).
Koupa, oi- Kupa. A ^old coin of Celelies
issued priiicipall>- at .Makassar and (!owa.
It was struck A. II. 12r)l in the fornuM- territory,
and as early as A. II. 102It-l()7y in
the latter, bearing Aral)ic inscriptions on
both sides. Conf. Millies (pp. 176-177)
and Fonrobert (Nos. 8!)6, 897, 900).
Koupan. A foriner iiioiie\' of account at
Al.ieh. Si I Mas.
Krabbelaar. A biHoii coin of P>i-abanl,
.struck pursuant to the Ordoinnnilic of
15:i6, anil of the value of ISiur Stuivei-s or
Palards. It is also known as Ci-abbclaeiand
\'licgcr, the latter name probably
derived from the su|)position that the eagle
on the oliversc was in the act of flying.
Krahenplappart. Among the numerous
vai-ieties of the Pla|)part are some of Zurich
with a poorly executed figure of an
eagle. This was mistaken by the common
people for a crow and the nickname as
above was introduced. Sec Hlaffert.
Krajczar. The IIungaiMan name for the
Ki-eu/.ci' ((/.v.).
Kran. A silver coin of Persia of the
\alue of twenty Sliahis, and also subdi-
\ided into one thousand Dinars. The Ki'an
is the tenth i)iirt of the gold Toman, and
there are at present multiples in silver of
two aiul five Krai> pieces. The half Kraii
is known as the Penabad. Sec Tonuiii.
The Kran was introduced by Fath Ali
Shah in 1H26, and its original weight was
lOS grains.
Krapatalos. A humorous name em-
])loye(l liy (Jreek comedians to designate
money used in crossing the Styx. See
Naulum.
Kreditmiinzen. A term used in Germany
for any coins whose legal or marked
value is higher tlian the actual nu'tallie
value of their ciim|)osition.
Kreisobristen Thaler. A silver coin
struck iiy Cln-isti;iii Ernst, Margrave of
l>raii(lenbui-g-P>ayreuth in 1664. It has on
the obverse a figure of the Margrave on
lioi-sciiack and on the reverse nineteen
shields indicative of the various circuits
iiiidei' his .jurisdiction.
Krejcar. The P>iilieniian name for the
Kl'cuzer ((j.r.).
Kreuzer, also written Kreutzer. Originally'
a small silver coin which appeared
in the Tyrol in the Ihii-tcciit li century, and
which obtains its name trom a cross which
was stam|)ed u])oii it, a device ]ierhaiis
copied fi'om the P>y/.;intine coinage. In
Latin documents of this period it is referred
to as Ci-uciatus, Ci-ueifei-, and Cruciger.
The oldest t,\pes, calleil Etschkrenzer
or Meraner Kreuzer, bore a double
cross, one diagonally ovei- the other.
The Krelizei' of the later t\pe was of
copper and circulated extensively throughout
all of Southern (Jermany, Austria, and
Hungary. It was usually coiiipntcd at the
value of four Pfennig or eight Heller.
There were, however, two standards, one of
which represented forty-eight Krenzer to
the Gulden and seventy-two to the Thaler,
and in the other, called the light Kreuzer,
sixty went to the Gulden and ninety to
the Thaler. By a decree introduced January
1, 1859, the Gulden of Austria was
altered from sixty to one hundred Kreuzer.
Among the various multiples are seventeen
Kreuzer for Transylvania; obsidional
eighty Kreuzer for Strasburg in 1592
(Mailliet, cii. 1) ; and a piece of seven
Kreuzer, 1802, struck for Austria in the
war against Prance (Mailliet, viii. 2).
The Bohemian name for this coin is
Kre.icar, and the Hungarian form is Krajczar.
See Zwainziger. '
Kreuzgroschen. A name given to the
silvei- Gi-oschcn issued during the fourteentii
and fifteenth centuries by the German
Orders of Knighthood, on account of
the varieties of the Maltese cross which is
found in some cases on both the obverse
and reverse.
The designation was also generally applied
to any coin of this denomination on
which a cross was conspicuous. The Groschen
of Goslar issued in the fifteenth century
is so called from this feature, and one
of Meissen receives the same name from a
cross over the armorial shield.
Kreuzthaler. Srp Albertusthaler.
Kriegsfiinfer. Tlie popular name for the
five Pfeiniig piece struck by the German
Government in 1915. They are made of
iron instead of nickel, and to protect the
iron against rusting the coins have been
sul).iected to a special zinc treatment, called
"slierai'disicrt," luuncd after Sherard, the
invenloi' of tlie ])i'o('('ss.
Krishnala, also calh'd Djampel. A silver
coin of -lava, the usual type having an
incuse lotus flower on the reverse. A gold
coin of the value of twenty-four Krishnalas
received the name of TjaturviugatiniAnam.
It is more or less globular in
f(iriii, vvitli an incuse reverse and Dcvauagari
characters. Coiif. Millies (|>. 10), and
Konrobcrt (:{()1 -lilO).
Kronungs Miinzen. See ( '(ii-diiation
('(lins.
Kroiseioi, or Kroiseios Stater, 'i'hc coins
said to have been struck by (h'oesus, King
[1
of Lvdia, are so called. See Herodotus (i.
54)."
Kromstaart, also written Cromstaert
and Krumstccrt, i.e., "crooked tail." A
nickname given to a silver coin of Brabant
of the original value of two Groteu, issued
early in the fifteenth century. The obverse
shows a lion rampant with a curved
tail.
The type was copied in the Low Countries
and also in the city of Enulcn when
tlie latter was under the domination of
Hamburg, from 1433 to 1439..
Krona. See Krone.
Krone. A silver denomination of the
Scandiiuivian Union and divided into one
huiulred Ore. It was established for the
three kingdoms by the monetary convention
of 1875. Sweden retains the lunne
Krona and Norway and Denmark use
Krone.
In Iceland the Krone is divided into one
lunidrcd Aur.
Krone, plural Kronen. A silver denomination
of Austria, introdm'cd in 1892
and subdivided into one hundred Heller.
It superseded the Gulden or Florin, which
system it cut in half. There are multiples
as liigii as one hundred Kronen.
The gold ten Mark piece of Germany
was originally called Krone.
Kronenthaler, sometimes called Kronthalei'.
A silver issue struck in the latter
half of tiie eighteenth century for the
Austrian Netherlands. On the reverse of
these coins is a decorated 8t. Andrew's
cross in thi'ce cominirtments of which there
is a crown, while the fourth has the order
of the Golden Fleece.
The name is also given to other coins on
whicli a crown is conspicuous, e.r/.. the
issues of Ladislaus IV of Poland from lf)35
to l(i45; the (Jennan Thaler of Waldeck,
Bavaria, etc., of the early nineteenth cento
I'y, and others. See Crocione.
Krongyllen. Srr Gyllen.
Kronigte, also called Croniclite Groschi'u.
A variety of the Kreuzgroschen
{(/.r.) of the Margrave Frederick II of
i\Ieissen (1428-14(j4), which bears a crown
above the shield on the reverse instead of
a cross.
20]
Kroon Kwanei Sen
Kroon. Tlio niifdi (Miiiivalpiit for Krone
iiiiil Ci-dwii. Tlic I'ataviasi'hr Kroon struck
ill l(i4r) had a value of forty-oifrlit Stiiivcrs,
and corrcspondiiijr halves and (|iiai'(ers
wei'e also issued. Scr tioiuh'u Kroon and
Zoimekrooii.
Kroung Tamlung. 'L'lie hall' of the
Siaiiicse 'i'aiiiliiii;;- iq.r.) and eipuil to two
Tieals.
Krucier, plural Krucierze. The Polisli
((|iiivaleiit of the Kreuzer (f/.r.). They
wei'e introdueed under Sijj;isinuiid III in
lGl(i.
Kruisdaalder, or Kruisrijksdaalder. A
silver crown issued liy I'hilip II of Spain,
|)ursiiant to an ordinance of .June 4, 1507,
for IJrahaiit and the provinces of the Low
Countries. It receives its name from the
ohverse desif^n, the cross of Burgundy,
which separates the fiji;ures of tiie date. It
is also known as the Ecu a la Croix de
15our^'ojjiie. See van der Chijs (passim).
Krumsteert. See Kromstaart.
Krysinos. See Krysus.
Krysus, or Kpujou?, the Greek name for
the Soli<lus. When heavily alloyed so that
it liecaiuc electrnni it was called Kputrtvo!;.
Kuan, or Kwan. The Chinese name for
a striiiof of cash. The word now generally
used is Ciruaii. Another name is Tiao
(7.1-.).
Kua teng Ch'ien. "Ijaini) haiijuinf;
iiioiivy,"" the ('hinese name for new year's
medals or coins, which were generally
heavier than the regular issues, and had
oftenliiiies s|)eeial inscriptions on them.
These were distrilmted among the jialace
attendants. A popular slang name for
these pieces was Ilnaiig kai-tsu, "yellow
covers."
Kudatama. The name given to certain
stone cylindrical shajied objects, po.ssihly
used as primitive money in .Iai)an. S(<
Kiri Kodama and Magatama for otiier
forms.
Kiirassier Thaler. A silver coin of Prussia,
struck in 1S4'J to commemorate (he
twenty-fifth anniversary of the installation
of Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia, as commander
of the si.xth regiment of cuirassiers
of IJraudcuburg.
[1
Kufic Coins. A term applied to such
Arabic coins as bear Kulic inscriptions.
The Kutic writing of the Middle Ages obtains
its name from the city of Kufa in
the Province of Ii-ak Arabi, and is easily
distinguished from the modern Arabic by
its thick and angular characters.
Kugildi. A term found in both Scandiiiaviau
and early (iennaii statutes and implying
a fixed sum in payment for healthy
cows of three to ten years of age. See
Auiira, Nunhjeriiuniischrs Oblii/diionrnrrrht.
1«S2, 181)5 (i. 44:5, ii. 522), and
Kidgeway, Oriijin of Metallic Citrrcnrij,
1SI)2 (rap. 1-3).
Kuhplapperte. See BlaU'ert.
Kuna. Sec Skins of Animals.
Kupa. See Koupa.
Kupang. Sec Kepeng.
Ku Pu. The Chinese name for the wedge
shaped metallic currency. See Pu. Other
names are Ch'an Pi and Ch'an Pu. Pus
are known in English as Spade Money.
Kutb. A name given to the copper two
and one half Cash ))ieec of Mysore, by
Tiim Sultan, in 17!I2, after the adoption
of his new system of reckoning. This system
was begun in 1786, and was based on
the Muludi, /.(., dating from the birth of
the Prophet. The name of the coin in
Ai'abic means the Polestar.
^larsden (ii. 725) translates it as Katib.
Kwacho. One of the many .lapanese
synonyms for a coin. It means "Disguised
Hnttei-fly." See O Aslii.
Kwammon Gin Sen. Sic IMii-Moii (iiii
Sen.
Kwan. This term ordinarily implies a
.lai)anese weight e(pial to one thousand
nionime, or about eight aiul a quarter
pounds. Munro (p. 58) states that in A. I).
810 a (piantity of coin (i)robably Sen),
aiiiounting to 1040 Kwan wei-e cast from
the copper I'emaining in tin' mint, aii<l he
adds that the expression Kwan probably
refers to one thousand pieces, which would
indicate that it was a money of account.
See Ryo and Quan.
Kwan. S( r Kuan.
Kwanei Sen. Probably the most popular
coin minted in .Jajian. It was first made
at Mito ill the .3rd year of Kwan-ei (Permanent
Tjiberality), 1624, and was not discontinued until 1859, a period of two hundred
and thirty-tliree years. It was made
in nearly all of the provincial mints, usually
in copper or bronze but sometimes in
iron. Collectors in Japan recognize over a
thousand varieties of this coin.
Kwart. A Dutch word meaning one
fourth, and used in combinations, e.g.,
Kwartdaalder, etc. The name Kwartje is
still used to designate the current silver
coin of twenty-five Cents.
Kwartnik. The name given to the base
silver one fourth Gro.schen of Poland. It
appears to have been introduced about the
period of Casimir the Great (1333-1370)
and continued in the coinage until the
middle of the fifteenth century.
Kyrsmaion. A gold Stater bearing the
types of Alexander the Great was issued
at Gyrene by Ptolemy I, and called
y.'jpavatov XToXsiJ-atou.
Kyrmis. An enormous copper coin,
aliout forty-four millimetres in diameter,
issued for Baghcheserai, in the Crimea, by
Shahin Gerai (A.H. 1191-1197) before its
annexation to Russia. See Valentine (pp.
96-98).
Kyzikenoi (Ku!^i5<,T)vot axaTripe?). See
Cyzicenes.